1 In the first book, O Theophilus, I have dealt with all that Jesus began to do and teach,
2 until the day when he was taken up, after he had given commands through the Holy Spirit to the apostles whom he had chosen.
3 He presented himself alive to them after his suffering by many proofs, appearing to them during forty days and speaking about the kingdom of God.
4 And while staying with them he ordered them not to depart from Jerusalem, but to wait for the promise of the Father, which, he said, “you heard from me;
5 for John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit not many days from now.
6 So when they had come together, they asked him, “Lord, will you at this time restore the kingdom to Israel?”
7 He said to them, “It is not for you to know times or seasons that the Father has fixed by his own authority.
8 But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.
9 And when he had said these things, as they were looking on, he was lifted up, and a cloud took him out of their sight.
10 And while they were gazing into heaven as he went, behold, two men stood by them in white robes,
11 and said, “Men of Galilee, why do you stand looking into heaven? This Jesus, who was taken up from you into heaven, will come in the same way as you saw him go into heaven.”
12 Then they returned to Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet, which is near Jerusalem, a Sabbath day’s journey away.
13 And when they had entered, they went up to the upper room, where they were staying, Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus and Simon the Zealot and Judas the son of James.
14 All these with one accord were devoting themselves to prayer, together with the women and Mary the mother of Jesus, and his brothers.
15 In those days Peter stood up among the brothers (the company of persons was in all about 120) and said,
16 “Brothers, the Scripture had to be fulfilled, which the Holy Spirit spoke beforehand by the mouth of David concerning Judas, who became a guide to those who arrested Jesus.
17 For he was numbered among us and was allotted his share in this ministry.
18 (Now this man acquired a field with the reward of his wickedness, and falling headlong he burst open in the middle and all his bowels gushed out. – Acts 1:18 (ESV)
19 And it became known to all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the field was called in their own language Akeldama, that is, Field of Blood.
20 “For it is written in the Book of Psalms, ‘May his camp become desolate, and let there be no one to dwell in it’; and ‘Let another take his office.’”
21 So one of the men who have accompanied us during all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us,
22 beginning from the baptism of John until the day when he was taken up from us—one of these men must become with us a witness to his resurrection.”
23 And they put forward two, Joseph called Barsabbas, who was also called Justus, and Matthias.
24 And they prayed and said, “You, Lord, who know the hearts of all, show which one of these two you have chosen to take the place in this ministry and apostleship from which Judas turned aside to go to his own place.”
25 to take the place in this ministry and apostleship from which Judas turned aside to go to his own place.”
26 And they cast lots for them, and the lot fell on Matthias, and he was numbered with the eleven apostles.
The True Meaning of Acts 1
The book of Acts was written by Luke, a physician and companion of the apostle Paul. Luke sets the stage for the early days of the Christian church in this first chapter, following the ascension of Jesus Christ into heaven.
The chapter begins by recounting Jesus’ final instructions to his disciples, as he prepares them for the coming of the Holy Spirit. We are then introduced to the eleven remaining apostles, who must choose a replacement for Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Jesus. This sets the scene for the dramatic events that will unfold in the chapters to come, as the fledgling church navigates the challenges of spreading the gospel message in a hostile world.
Throughout the passage, Luke makes references to the prophecies of the Old Testament, such as the words of the psalmist David in Psalm 69, which foretold the betrayal of Judas. This serves to emphasize the continuity between the life and ministry of Jesus and the unfolding of God’s plan for the salvation of humanity, as revealed in the Scriptures.
Acts 1:1-5
The author, traditionally believed to be Luke, addresses Theophilus in Acts 1:1-5, introducing the book of Acts. Theophilus could possibly have been a high-ranking Roman official or a benefactor supporting the distribution of this account of the early church. Luke refers to his previous book, the Gospel of Luke, where he detailed the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. This indicates a seamless transition from the life of Jesus on earth to the birth and growth of the early church.
The section also includes the forty days that Jesus spent with His disciples after His resurrection. During this time, Jesus spoke to them about the kingdom of God. Jesus was emphasizing the importance of the spiritual kingdom over any earthly dominion. This period was crucial for the disciples as they needed this reinforcement of their faith after the tumultuous events surrounding Jesus’ crucifixion and resurrection. It was during these days that Jesus also commanded them not to leave Jerusalem but to wait for the coming of the Holy Spirit, the promise of the Father. The Holy Spirit would empower them for the work that lay ahead, enabling them to be bold witnesses for Christ.
The mention of John baptizing with water while they would be baptized with the Holy Spirit not many days from then is significant. John the Baptist’s ministry marked the transition between the Old Testament era and the ministry of Jesus that would be characterized by the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. John prepared the way for Jesus by calling people to repentance and baptism, but it was through the baptism of the Holy Spirit that true transformation and empowerment would come. This passage foreshadows the events of Pentecost in Acts 2, where the disciples are filled with the Holy Spirit and empowered to speak in different languages, leading to the conversion of many. Acts 1:1-5 sets the stage for the events that will follow in the book of Acts. It highlights the importance of the Holy Spirit in the life of the church and the empowerment that believers receive through Him. The command to wait for the Holy Spirit reminds us of the necessity of relying on God’s strength and guidance in carrying out His mission. It also emphasizes the continuity between the ministry of Jesus and the work of the early church, showing that the same Spirit that empowered Jesus during His earthly ministry would now empower His followers to continue His work on earth.
Acts 1:6-11
A pivotal moment in the early days of the early Christian church is witnessed in Acts 1:6-11. The disciples, still grappling with the idea of Jesus’ resurrection and unsure of what the future holds, ask Him a very human and relatable question: “Lord, are you at this time going to restore the kingdom to Israel?” This question reflects their longing for a political overthrow of the Roman oppressors and the restoration of the kingdom of Israel to its former glory. Despite spending so much time with Jesus during His ministry, the disciples still struggled to fully grasp the spiritual nature of His kingdom.
Jesus’ response in verse 7 is profound and timeless: “It is not for you to know the times or dates the Father has set by his own authority.” Here, Jesus reminds them that God’s timing is beyond human comprehension and control. This message extends to all believers, emphasizing the importance of trusting in God’s plan and timing, even when it may seem unclear or different from our own expectations. This verse underscores the theme of faith and reliance on God’s sovereignty that runs throughout the Bible.
Further in the passage, as the disciples are looking on, Jesus is taken up into heaven in a cloud, with angels appearing to assure them that one day He will return in the same way. This event, known as the Ascension, marks the end of Jesus’ earthly ministry and His physical presence among the disciples. It is a moment filled with awe, wonder, and a sense of mission as the disciples are now entrusted with spreading the gospel to the ends of the earth. The imagery of Jesus ascending into heaven serves as a powerful reminder of His divinity and the promise of His return, as mentioned in Acts 1:11.
The Ascension of Jesus is a critical part of the Christian faith as it signifies His exaltation and enthronement at the right hand of God, fulfilling prophecies such as Psalm 110:1. This event also marks the beginning of the disciples’ role as witnesses to the world, as mentioned in Acts 1:8, where Jesus tells them, “But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.” This commissioning by Jesus sets the stage for the spread of Christianity beyond Jerusalem and initiates the work of the early church to fulfill the Great Commission (Matthew 28:19-20) by sharing the gospel with all nations. Acts 1:6-11 encapsulates the transition of the disciples from followers of Jesus to apostolic witnesses empowered by the Holy Spirit to carry out His mission. The disciples’ question about restoring the kingdom of Israel reveals their earthly focus, but Jesus redirects their attention to the higher purposes of God’s kingdom. The Ascension of Jesus symbolizes His victory over sin and death, His reign over all creation, and His promise to return one day. This passage challenges believers to trust in God’s timing, embrace their role as witnesses of Christ, and eagerly anticipate His second coming.
Acts 1:12-14
The passage in Acts 1:12-14 describes the actions of the disciples following Jesus’ ascension. This section is crucial as it sets the stage for the coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. Firstly, the disciples are described as returning to Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives, a place of great significance in the Bible. The Mount of Olives is where Jesus ascended to Heaven, and it is also where He will return in the future according to biblical prophecy (Zechariah 14:4).
Upon their return to Jerusalem, the disciples went to the upper room where they were staying. This room would become the setting for the events of Pentecost, where the Holy Spirit descended upon them with power and transformed them into bold witnesses for Christ. The choice of the upper room is significant as it symbolizes a higher spiritual place where the disciples were in unity and prayer, preparing themselves for the promised outpouring of the Holy Spirit.
The passage further mentions the disciples who were present in the upper room, including the eleven apostles. Judas Iscariot, who had betrayed Jesus, was notably absent because of his tragic end of suicide after betraying Jesus (Matthew 27:3-5). This detail underscores the fulfillment of Scripture where another would take Judas’ place among the twelve apostles to continue the work of the ministry (Acts 1:15-26).
The disciples are described as devoting themselves to prayer along with the women, including Mary the mother of Jesus, and Jesus’ brothers. The inclusion of Mary, the mother of Jesus, in this scene is noteworthy as it shows her continued presence and role in the early Christian community. This passage highlights the importance of prayer, unity, and waiting on God, which are vital elements in preparing for the receiving of the Holy Spirit. Acts 1:12-14 sets the stage for the outpouring of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost by portraying the obedience and unity of the disciples in prayer. It also emphasizes the fulfillment of Scripture, the inclusion of key figures like Mary, and the preparation of the early Christian community for the empowerment that would come with the Holy Spirit. This passage teaches timeless lessons about the importance of prayer, unity, and expectancy in the life of believers as they wait for God’s promises to be fulfilled.
Acts 1:15-20
Several crucial sections can be identified for in-depth commentary in Acts 1:15-20. Peter stood up among the believers (a group numbering about a hundred and twenty) and said in those days…” – This opening sets the scene for Peter to step into a leadership role among the believers. Peter, one of the original twelve disciples chosen by Jesus, had a significant transformation from the impulsive and sometimes fearful disciple to a bold and influential leader in the early church. Here, he takes charge to address the group, showing his emergence as a prominent figure after the departure of Jesus. This shift in Peter’s character highlights the transformative power of the Holy Spirit, which enabled him to fulfill his calling and spread the Gospel fearlessly.
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“Brothers and sisters, the Scripture had to be fulfilled in which the Holy Spirit spoke long ago through David concerning Judas…” – Peter goes on to discuss the fulfillment of Scripture regarding Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Jesus. Here, Peter references passages from the Psalms, particularly Psalm 69:25 and Psalm 109:8, which foretold the betrayal of the Messiah by a close companion. This moment emphasizes the divine sovereignty at work even in the midst of betrayal and tragedy. Judas’ betrayal, leading to Jesus’ crucifixion, was part of God’s plan for salvation, showcasing His ability to work amidst human frailty and darker intentions for a greater purpose.
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“For,” said Peter, “it is written in the Book of Psalms: ‘May his place be deserted; let there be no one to dwell in it,’ and, ‘May another take his place of leadership.’” – Peter quotes Psalm 69:25 and Psalm 109:8 to justify the need to replace Judas among the twelve apostles. The concept of replacement has significant theological implications, as it underscores the importance of maintaining the integrity and symbolism of the twelve apostles chosen by Jesus. This act of replacing Judas highlights the apostles’ commitment to fulfilling the divine plan and organizational structure established by Christ. It also reinforces the theme of continuity and succession in God’s work, ensuring that His mission continues to be carried out effectively through chosen vessels.
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“Therefore it is necessary to choose one of the men who have been with us the whole time the Lord Jesus was living among us…” – The process of selecting a replacement for Judas involved specific criteria, including choosing someone who had been a witness to Jesus’ ministry from the beginning of His baptism by John to His ascension. This requirement emphasizes the importance of firsthand experience and personal relationship with Jesus in carrying out the apostolic ministry. It also highlights the significance of continuity and authenticity in passing on the teachings and mission of Jesus. This criteria for choosing a replacement showcases the apostles’ commitment to maintaining the integrity and authenticity of their witness to the resurrection and teachings of Jesus. Peter’s leadership, the fulfillment of Scripture regarding Judas, the concept of replacement among the apostles, and the criteria for choosing a replacement all contribute to the foundational principles of the early church and the continuity of Jesus’ mission on earth in Acts 1:15-20. The episode involving Judas serves as a reminder of God’s sovereignty over human actions and the ultimate redemption that can come even from betrayal. The process of selecting a replacement underscores the importance of authenticity, continuity, and firsthand experience in carrying out the work of the ministry. This passage sets the stage for the unfolding drama of the early church and the spread of the Gospel to the ends of the earth, grounding the believers in the foundational truths and principles established by Christ and the apostles.
Acts 1:21-26
The apostles in Acts 1:21-26 are in the process of choosing a replacement for Judas Iscariot, who had betrayed Jesus and then tragically ended his own life. This passage focuses on the criteria set forth for selecting this new apostle to fill the void left by Judas. The criteria were clear: the new apostle must have been with Jesus from the time of His baptism by John until the day He was taken up from them. This precision was vital to ensure the apostle had witnessed Jesus’ teachings, ministry, death, and resurrection.
The importance of having firsthand witnesses to Jesus’ life and resurrection was crucial in establishing the credibility of the early Christian church. These apostles were chosen to carry on the mission of spreading the gospel and establishing the foundation of the Church. The apostles’ role was not merely to preach but to bear witness to the life, death, and resurrection of Christ. They were to share the Good News with authority and authenticity because they had seen and experienced the resurrected Jesus firsthand.
The process of choosing Matthias as the replacement for Judas is significant in demonstrating the early church’s commitment to prayer and seeking God’s guidance through the Holy Spirit. The apostles prayed earnestly, recognizing the importance of being led by God in their decision-making. This serves as a powerful reminder for all believers to rely on prayer and the Holy Spirit’s guidance in making important decisions, both individually and collectively as the body of Christ.
While Matthias is not mentioned extensively in the New Testament beyond this passage, his selection as an apostle underscores the sovereignty of God in orchestrating His plan. The apostles cast lots to discern God’s choice, and Matthias was chosen to join the eleven apostles in continuing the work of spreading the gospel. This act demonstrates the apostles’ acknowledgment of God’s ultimate authority in making the final decision.
The story of Matthias serves as a reminder that God is always at work behind the scenes, orchestrating events and individuals to fulfill His purposes. Even when we may not fully understand or see the bigger picture, we can trust that God is in control. This narrative also emphasizes the importance of unity and cooperation within the body of believers, as the apostles came together to make this important decision through prayer and discernment. We can draw parallels to other biblical accounts where God chose seemingly unlikely individuals to play key roles in His plan when considering the selection of Matthias. Just like David, who was anointed as king despite being the youngest and least expected of his brothers (1 Samuel 16), Matthias’ appointment highlights God’s ability to work through ordinary people to accomplish extraordinary things. This act also reminds us of Jesus’ emphasis on choosing and calling His disciples, not based on worldly standards, but on His divine wisdom and purposes. The account of Matthias’ selection in Acts 1:21-26 emphasizes the importance of faithful witness, prayerful discernment, and divine sovereignty in the unfolding of God’s redemptive plan through the early church. It inspires believers to trust in God’s guidance, even in moments of uncertainty, and to remain united in purpose and mission as they proclaim the gospel to the ends of the earth.
After Acts 1
The disciples gathered together after Jesus’ ascension in this chapter and chose Matthias to replace Judas among the twelve apostles. They prayed fervently, seeking guidance and strength from the Holy Spirit as they prepared to spread the teachings of Jesus to the ends of the earth. They remained united in purpose and steadfast in their faith as they awaited the promised power from on high. As we reflect on the events of this chapter, let us remember the importance of prayer, unity, and faith in fulfilling the mission entrusted to us by our Lord. Just as the disciples relied on the Holy Spirit for wisdom and courage, so too must we seek His guidance as we continue to proclaim the good news of salvation. May we be inspired by their example as we eagerly anticipate the outpouring of God’s power in the chapters to come.
Reverend Michael Johnson is an experienced Church Minister with a profound expertise in spirituality and guidance. With a serene presence and a compassionate heart, he has faithfully served his congregation for over 20 years, leading them on a spiritual journey towards inner peace and enlightenment. Reverend Johnson’s extensive knowledge of religious philosophies and profound understanding of human nature have made him a trusted confidant and mentor to many, as he seamlessly weaves his profound wisdom into life teachings. Reverend Johnson’s calming demeanor and empathetic nature continue to uplift and heal souls, nurturing a sense of unity and tranquility within his community.