In the Bible, the Hebrew word for “avenger” is “goel,” which refers to a kinsman redeemer who avenges wrongs, particularly in the context of family loyalty and justice. This term emphasizes the responsibility of a family member to protect and uphold the honor of their relatives, as seen in instances like the avenging of a murder or reclaiming property.
Scripture
9 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
10 “Speak to the people of Israel and say to them, When you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan,
11 then you shall select cities to be cities of refuge for you, that the manslayer who kills any person without intent may flee there.
12 The cities shall be for you a refuge from the avenger, that the manslayer may not die until he stands before the congregation for judgment.
13 And the cities that you give shall be your six cities of refuge.
14 You shall give three cities beyond the Jordan, and three cities in the land of Canaan, to be cities of refuge.
15 These six cities shall be for refuge for the people of Israel, and for the stranger and for the sojourner among them, that anyone who kills any person without intent may flee there.
16 “But if he struck him down with an iron object, so that he died, he is a murderer. The murderer shall be put to death.
17 And if he struck him down with a stone tool that could cause death, and he died, he is a murderer. The murderer shall be put to death.
18 Or if he struck him down with a wooden object that could cause death, and he died, he is a murderer. The murderer shall be put to death.
19 The avenger of blood shall himself put the murderer to death; when he meets him, he shall put him to death.
20 And if he pushed him out of hatred or hurled something at him, lying in wait, so that he died,
21 or in enmity struck him with his hand so that he died, then he who struck the blow shall be put to death. He is a murderer. The avenger of blood shall put the murderer to death when he meets him.
22 “But if he pushed him suddenly without enmity, or hurled anything on him without lying in wait”
23 or if he struck him down with a stone tool that could cause death, and he died, he is a murderer. The murderer shall be put to death.
24 then the congregation shall judge between the manslayer and the avenger of blood, in accordance with these rules.
25 And the congregation shall rescue the manslayer from the hand of the avenger of blood, and the congregation shall restore him to his city of refuge to which he had fled, and he shall live in it until the death of the high priest who was anointed with the holy oil.
26 But if the manslayer shall at any time go beyond the boundaries of his city of refuge to which he fled,
27 And the avenger of blood finds him outside the boundaries of his city of refuge, and the avenger of blood kills the manslayer, he shall not be guilty of blood.
28 because he should have remained in his city of refuge until the death of the high priest, but after the death of the high priest the manslayer may return to the land of his possession.
29 And these things shall be for a statute and rule for you throughout your generations in all your dwelling places.
30 “If anyone kills a person, the murderer shall be put to death on the evidence of witnesses. But no person shall be put to death on the testimony of one witness.
31 Moreover, you shall accept no ransom for the life of a murderer, who is guilty of death, but he shall be put to death.
32 And you shall accept no ransom for him who has fled to his city of refuge, that he may return to dwell in the land before the death of the high priest.
33 You shall not pollute the land in which you live, for blood pollutes the land, and no atonement can be made for the land for the blood that is shed in it, except by the blood of the one who shed it.
34 You shall not defile the land in which you live, in the midst of which I dwell, for I the Lord dwell in the midst of the people of Israel.”
Hebrew Meaning of “Avenger” in the Bible
The Hebrew term “goel” carries significant weight within the biblical context, encapsulating themes of family loyalty, justice, and redemption. The role of the “goel” is vividly illustrated in instances such as Numbers 35:19, where it states that the “avenger of blood” is responsible for avenging a murder in the context of familial duty. This not only underscores the importance of justice but also highlights the protective role that family members play in seeking justice on behalf of the deceased. The idea is further expanded in the Book of Ruth, where Boaz acts as a “goel” by redeeming Ruth and ultimately preserving the family line, demonstrating the dual aspects of avenging wrongs and restoring one’s kin.
The broader implications of the “goel” extend to God’s relationship with His people, where He is often depicted as the ultimate redeemer who both avenges and protects. For instance, in Psalm 19:15, the psalmist calls upon the Lord to redeem and restore order, echoing the protective and redemptive qualities associated with the goel. In this sense, “goel” does not only represent familial responsibility but also embodies a divine promise of justice, hope, and restoration. It invites believers to see God’s active role in their lives as the one who avenges not only personal grievances but also injustices in a more expansive cosmic sense, thus offering a profound understanding of redemption that permeates both human relationships and spiritual beliefs within the biblical narrative.
In the biblical text, the role of “goel” transcends mere retribution and enters the realm of divine justice, emphasizing a deeper moral obligation within communities. The concept of the avenger is often intertwined with laws of social and spiritual order, as seen in the Torah’s stipulations regarding property and inheritance. In this context, the “goel” not only avenges bloodshed but also serves to restore rightful ownership and stabilize familial bonds, thus preserving the integrity of the community. The intertwining of justice and redemption in the role of the “goel” illustrates a holistic vision of societal harmony, where every act of vengeance is balanced by a commitment to restoration and protection of one’s own.
Moreover, the thematic resonance of “goel” extends into the prophetic literature, where it is often used to describe God’s intervention on behalf of the oppressed or wronged. The prophets frequently speak of God as a “goel” who avenges the injustices suffered by His people, promising restoration and redemption. This portrayal emphasizes God’s active presence in human affairs, acting not only as a divine avenger but also as a covenant partner committed to the welfare of His people. By invoking the concept of the “goel,” the biblical authors present a multifaceted understanding of justice that encompasses family allegiance, social responsibility, and divine intervention, shaping a theological framework in which redemption and avenging are deeply interconnected. Such representation invites believers to recognize their own roles in championing justice and upholding community values, blending personal and communal dimensions of faith with the everlasting promise of God’s redeeming presence.
Justice and Retribution
In the Hebrew context, the term “avenger” often signifies the concept of justice and retribution. It embodies the idea that wrongdoings must be addressed and that there is a moral order in the universe that demands accountability. The avenger serves as a divine or human agent who restores balance by punishing the guilty and protecting the innocent. This reflects a broader theological theme in the Bible where God is portrayed as a just judge who avenges the oppressed and ensures that justice prevails.
Protection of the Vulnerable
Another significant meaning of “avenger” in the Hebrew Bible relates to the protection of the vulnerable, particularly in the context of family and community. The avenger is often seen as a guardian figure who takes on the responsibility of defending the rights and honor of those who cannot defend themselves. This role emphasizes the importance of kinship and communal responsibility, where the avenger acts on behalf of family members who have been wronged, ensuring that their dignity and rights are upheld.
Divine Sovereignty
The concept of the avenger also reflects the theme of divine sovereignty in the Hebrew Bible. It underscores the belief that ultimate vengeance belongs to God, who is sovereign over all creation. This understanding serves to remind believers that while human agents may enact justice, it is ultimately God who will bring about true and final retribution. This perspective encourages faith in divine justice, reassuring the faithful that God sees all injustices and will act in His own time to rectify wrongs.
How to Embrace Justice and Grow in Faith
Embracing justice as a core part of your faith journey is not just about advocating for the marginalized or standing against injustice; it’s about embodying the love and compassion that Christ exemplified. Start by immersing yourself in Scripture, where you’ll find countless examples of God’s heart for justice—like in Micah 6:8, which calls us to act justly, love mercy, and walk humbly with Him. Reflect on how your daily actions can align with these principles; perhaps volunteering at a local shelter or supporting fair trade practices can be a tangible way to live out your faith. Remember, growing in faith means allowing the Holy Spirit to transform your heart, prompting you to see the world through God’s eyes. As you engage with your community and advocate for those in need, you’ll not only deepen your understanding of justice but also cultivate a more profound relationship with God, who delights in our efforts to reflect His love in a broken world.
Bible References to “Avenger” Meaning:
Deuteronomy 19:1-13: 1 “When the Lord your God cuts off the nations whose land the Lord your God is giving you, and you dispossess them and dwell in their cities and in their houses,”
2 you shall set apart three cities for yourselves in the land that the Lord your God is giving you to possess.
3 You shall prepare the way to it and divide the territory of your land that the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance into three parts, so that any manslayer can flee to them.
4 This is the provision for the manslayer, who by fleeing there may save his life.
5 as when a man goes into the forest with his neighbor to cut wood, and his hand swings the axe to cut down a tree, and the head slips from the handle and strikes his neighbor so that he dies—he may flee to one of these cities and live,
6 lest the avenger of blood in hot anger pursue the manslayer and overtake him, because the way is long, and strike him fatally, though the man did not deserve to die, since he had not hated his neighbor in the past.
7 Therefore I command you, ‘You shall set apart three cities.’
8 And if the Lord your God enlarges your territory, as he has sworn to your fathers, and gives you all the land that he promised to give to your fathers,
9 if you keep all these commandments to do them, which I command you today, to love the Lord your God and to walk ever in his ways—then you shall add three other cities to these three,
10 lest innocent blood be shed in your land that the Lord your God is giving you for an inheritance, and so the guilt of bloodshed be upon you.
11 But if anyone hates his neighbor and lies in wait for him and attacks him and strikes him fatally so that he dies, and he flees into one of these cities,
12 then the elders of his city shall send and take him from there, and hand him over to the avenger of blood, so that he may die.
13 Your eye shall not pity him, but you shall purge the guilt of innocent blood from Israel, so that it may be well with you.
Joshua 20:1-9: 1 Then the Lord said to Joshua,
2 “Say to the people of Israel, ‘Appoint the cities of refuge, of which I spoke to you through Moses,
3 that the manslayer who strikes any person without intent or unknowingly may flee there. They shall be for you a refuge from the avenger of blood.
4 He shall flee to one of these cities and shall stand at the entrance of the gate of the city and explain his case to the elders of that city. Then they shall take him into the city and give him a place, and he shall remain with them.
5 And if the avenger of blood pursues him, they shall not give up the manslayer into his hand, because he struck his neighbor unknowingly, and did not hate him in the past.
6 And he shall remain in that city until he has stood before the congregation for judgment, until the death of him who is high priest at the time. Then the manslayer may return to his own town and his own home, to the town from which he fled.
7 So they set apart Kedesh in Galilee in the hill country of Naphtali, and Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim, and Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron) in the hill country of Judah.
8 And beyond the Jordan east of Jericho, they appointed Bezer in the wilderness on the tableland, from the tribe of Reuben, and Ramoth in Gilead, from the tribe of Gad, and Golan in Bashan, from the tribe of Manasseh.
9 These were the cities designated for all the people of Israel and for the stranger sojourning among them, that anyone who killed a person without intent could flee there, so that he might not die by the hand of the avenger of blood, till he stood before the congregation.
2 Samuel 14:1-11: 1 Now Joab the son of Zeruiah knew that the king’s heart went out to Absalom.
2 And Joab sent to Tekoa and brought from there a wise woman and said to her, “Pretend to be a mourner and put on mourning garments. Do not anoint yourself with oil, but behave like a woman who has been mourning many days for the dead.
3 And go to the king and speak thus to him.” So Joab put the words in her mouth.
4 When the woman of Tekoa came to the king, she fell on her face to the ground and paid homage and said, “Save me, O king.”
5 And the king said to her, “What is your trouble?” She answered, “Alas, I am a widow; my husband is dead.
6 Your servant had two sons, and they quarreled with one another in the field. There was no one to separate them, and one struck the other and killed him.
7 And now the king, my lord, the word that I speak to you is in fact: for the king is like an angel of God in discerning good and evil. The Lord your God be with you.”
8 Then the king said to the woman, “Go to your house, and I will give orders concerning you.”
9 And the woman of Tekoa said to the king, “On me be the guilt, my lord the king, and on my father’s house; let the king and his throne be guiltless.”
10 But the king said, “If anyone says anything to you, bring him to me, and he shall never touch you again.”
11 Then she said, “Please let the king invoke the Lord your God, that the avenger of blood kill no more, and my son be not destroyed.” He said, “As the Lord lives, not one hair of your son shall fall to the ground.”
2 Kings 9:1-10: 1 Then Elisha the prophet called one of the sons of the prophets and said to him, “Tie up your garments, and take this flask of oil in your hand, and go to Ramoth-gilead.
2 And when you arrive, look there for Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat, son of Nimshi. Go in and have him rise from among his fellows, and lead him to an inner chamber.
3 Then take the flask of oil and pour it on his head and say, ‘Thus says the Lord, I anoint you king over Israel.’ Then open the door and flee; do not linger.”
4 So the young man, the servant of the prophet, went to Ramoth-gilead.
5 And when he came, behold, the commanders of the army were in council. And he said, “I have a word for you, O commander.” And Jehu said, “To which of us all?” And he said, “To you, O commander.”
6 And he arose and went into the house. And he poured the oil on his head and said to him, “Thus says the Lord, the God of Israel, I anoint you king over the people of the Lord, over Israel.
7 And you shall strike down the house of Ahab your master, so that I may avenge on Jezebel the blood of my servants the prophets, and the blood of all the servants of the Lord.
8 For the whole house of Ahab shall perish, and I will cut off from Ahab every male, bond or free, in Israel.
9 Then he went with Joram the son of Ahab to the war against Hazael king of Syria at Ramoth-gilead, and the Syrians wounded Joram.
10 And the dogs shall eat Jezebel in the territory of Jezreel, and none shall bury her.” Then he opened the door and fled.
Psalm 94:1-23: 1 O Lord, God of vengeance,
O God of vengeance, shine forth!
2 Rise up, O judge of the earth; repay to the proud what they deserve!
3 O Lord, how long shall the wicked, how long shall the wicked exult?
4 They pour out their arrogant words; all the evildoers boast.
5 They crush your people, O Lord, and afflict your heritage.
6 They kill the widow and the sojourner, and murder the fatherless;
7 They say, “The Lord does not see; the God of Jacob does not perceive.”
8 Understand, O dullest of the people! Fools, when will you be wise?
9 He who planted the ear, does he not hear? He who formed the eye, does he not see?
10 He who disciplines the nations, does he not rebuke? He who teaches man knowledge—
11 The Lord knows the thoughts of man, that they are but a breath.
12 Blessed is the man whom you discipline, O Lord, and whom you teach out of your law.
13 to give him rest from days of trouble, until a pit is dug for the wicked.
14 For the Lord will not forsake his people; he will not abandon his heritage.
15 For justice will return to the righteous, and all the upright in heart will follow it.
16 Who rises up for me against the wicked? Who stands up for me against evildoers?
17 If the Lord had not been my help, my soul would soon have lived in the land of silence.
18 When I thought, “My foot slips,” your steadfast love, O Lord, held me up.
19 When the cares of my heart are many, your consolations cheer my soul.
20 Can wicked rulers be allied with you, those who frame injustice by statute?
21 They band together against the life of the righteous and condemn the innocent to death.
22 But the Lord has become my stronghold, and my God the rock of my refuge.
23 He will bring back on them their iniquity and wipe them out for their wickedness; the Lord our God will wipe them out.
Isaiah 34:1-8: 1 Draw near, O nations, to hear, and give attention, O peoples! Let the earth hear, and all that fills it; the world, and all that comes from it.
2 For the Lord is enraged against all the nations,
and furious against all their host;
he has devoted them to destruction, has given them over for slaughter.
3 Their slain shall be cast out,
and the stench of their corpses shall rise;
the mountains shall flow with their blood.
4 All the host of heaven shall rot away, and the skies roll up like a scroll. All their host shall fall, as leaves fall from the vine, like leaves falling from the fig tree.
5 For my sword has drunk its fill in the heavens; behold, it descends for judgment upon Edom, upon the people I have devoted to destruction.
6 The sword of the Lord is filled with blood; it is gorged with fat, with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of the kidneys of rams. For the Lord has a sacrifice in Bozrah, a great slaughter in the land of Edom.
7 And the wild oxen shall fall with them, and the young steers with the mighty bulls.
8 For the Lord has a day of vengeance,
a year of recompense for the cause of Zion.
Jeremiah 51:1-6: 1 Thus says the Lord: “Behold, I will stir up the spirit of a destroyer against Babylon, against the inhabitants of Leb-kamai,
2 and I will send foreigners to Babylon, that they may winnow her, and they shall empty her land, for in the day of trouble they shall be against her all around.
3 “Let not the archer bend his bow,
and let him not stand up in his armor.
Spare not her young men;
devote to destruction all her army.”
4 “They shall fall down slain in the land of the Chaldeans, and wounded in her streets.
5 For Israel and Judah have not been forsaken by their God, the Lord of hosts, but the land of the Chaldeans is full of guilt against the Holy One of Israel.
6 “Flee from the midst of Babylon; let every one save his life! Be not cut off in her punishment, for this is the time of the Lord’s vengeance, the repayment he is rendering her.”
Nahum 1:1-15: 1 The oracle of Nineveh. The book of the vision of Nahum of Elkosh.
2 The Lord is a jealous and avenging God;
the Lord is avenging and wrathful;
the Lord takes vengeance on his adversaries
and keeps wrath for his enemies.
3 The Lord is slow to anger and great in power,
and the Lord will by no means clear the guilty.
4 He rebukes the sea and makes it dry; he dries up all the rivers; Bashan and Carmel wither; the bloom of Lebanon withers.
5 The mountains quake before him; the hills melt; the earth heaves before him, the world and all who dwell in it.
6 Who can stand before his indignation?
7 The Lord is good, a stronghold in the day of trouble; he knows those who take refuge in him.
8 But with an overflowing flood he will make a complete end of the adversaries, and will pursue his enemies into darkness.
9 What do you plot against the Lord? He will make a complete end; trouble will not rise up a second time.
10 For they are like entangled thorns, like drunkards as they drink; they are consumed like stubble fully dried.
11 From you came one who plotted evil against the Lord, a worthless counselor.
12 Thus says the Lord: “Though they are at full strength and many, they will be cut down and pass away. Though I have afflicted you, I will afflict you no more.
13 And now I will break his yoke from off you and will burst your bonds apart.”
14 And the Lord has given commandment about you: “No more shall your name be perpetuated; from the house of your gods I will cut off the carved image and the metal image. I will make your grave, for you are vile.”
15 Behold, upon the mountains, the feet of him who brings good news, who publishes peace! Keep your feasts, O Judah; fulfill your vows, for never again shall the worthless pass through you; he is utterly cut off.
Rev. François Dupont is a dedicated church minister with a wealth of experience in serving spiritual communities. With a calm and serene demeanor, he has been devoted to sharing the message of love, compassion, and tolerance for over two decades. Through his thoughtful sermons, compassionate counseling, and unwavering support, Rev. Dupont has touched the lives of countless individuals, allowing them to find solace and strength during difficult times. His serene presence and deep understanding of the human condition make him a trusted guide for those seeking spiritual nourishment and guidance.