In biblical terms, love is primarily defined by several Greek words, with the most notable being “agape,” which represents unconditional, selfless love that seeks the well-being of others (1 Corinthians 13:4-7), and “philia,” which signifies brotherly love or deep friendship (John 15:13). Another Greek word, “eros,” denotes romantic love, though it is less commonly used in scripture.
Scripture
1 If I speak in the tongues of men and of angels, but have not love, I am a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal.
2 And if I have prophetic powers, and understand all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have all faith, so as to remove mountains, but have not love, I am nothing.
3 If I give away all I have, and if I deliver up my body to be burned, but have not love, I gain nothing.
4 Love is patient and kind; love does not envy or boast; it is not arrogant
5 or rude. It does not insist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful;
6 it does not rejoice at wrongdoing, but rejoices with the truth.
7 Love bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things.
8 Love never ends.
9 For we know in part and we prophesy in part,
10 but when the perfect comes, the partial will pass away.
11 When I was a child, I spoke like a child, I thought like a child, I reasoned like a child. When I became a man, I gave up childish ways.
12 For now we see in a mirror dimly, but then face to face. Now I know in part; then I shall know fully, even as I have been fully known.
13 So now faith, hope, and love abide, these three; but the greatest of these is love.
Greek Definitions of Biblical Love
The Greek definitions of love in the Bible offer a profound understanding of relationships, both with God and with one another. Agape love stands at the center of Christian ethics, embodying a selfless commitment that prioritizes the welfare of others, as famously articulated in 1 Corinthians 13:4-7. This passage highlights the qualities of love—patience, kindness, humility, and perseverance—illustrating how to cultivate authentic relationships. The call to agape love is further echoed in Jesus’ teaching in John 15:13, where He says, “Greater love has no one than this: to lay down one’s life for one’s friends.” This underscores the sacrificial nature of agape love, inviting believers to reflect the love of Christ in their interactions.
Philia, or brotherly love, complements agape by emphasizing the bonds of friendship and community. In settings such as Acts 2:44-47, the early church exemplified philia through their unity and shared lives, holding everything in common and ensuring that no one was in need. This communal aspect teaches the importance of relational love that transcends mere acquaintance, thus building a foundation for supportive and accountable communities of faith. While eros represents a romantic dimension of love, its limited use in scripture illustrates a prioritization of divine and communal love as essential for Christian living. Together, these Greek terms for love encourage a holistic understanding of relationships that serves to uplift, support, and embody the essence of God’s love in everyday interactions.
In addition to agape and philia, the Greek term storge refers to the natural affection often found within families. This love embodies a deep-seated sense of loyalty and care that arises from shared experiences and emotional bonds, such as those between parents and children or siblings. The concept of storge can be significant in understanding how God designed familial relationships to mirror the unconditional love He extends to humanity. For instance, Romans 12:10 encourages believers to “be devoted to one another in brotherly love,” implicitly promoting a sense of family within the body of Christ that should prioritize connection, warmth, and genuine affection—a reflection of storge.
Each of these Greek terms for love enriches the overall comprehension of love within a biblical context. For example, the interplay between agape, philia, and storge creates a multidimensional view of how individuals are called to engage with one another. The community of faith is challenged to expand beyond mere acquaintanceship to forge deep, meaningful relationships that mirror divine love. In doing so, believers encourage one another while demonstrating to the world the transformative power of God’s love. The holistic approach to love illustrated through these Greek definitions encourages the development of a compassionate and united community that seeks not only personal fulfillment but also the nurturing of each member’s well-being, ultimately reflecting God’s love in its entirety.
The Depth of Agape Love
Agape love, often considered the highest form of love in Greek, transcends mere emotion or affection. It embodies a selfless, unconditional love that seeks the well-being of others without expecting anything in return. This type of love is foundational in Christian teachings, emphasizing the importance of loving others as a reflection of divine love. It encourages believers to act with compassion and kindness, fostering a sense of community and mutual support.
The Role of Philia in Relationships
Philia represents the love found in deep friendships and familial bonds. This Greek term highlights the importance of loyalty, companionship, and shared values among individuals. Philia is characterized by mutual respect and understanding, serving as a vital component in building strong, lasting relationships. In the context of biblical teachings, it underscores the significance of fellowship within the community of believers, promoting unity and collaboration in faith.
Eros and the Celebration of Human Connection
Eros, often associated with romantic love, encompasses the passionate and intimate aspects of human relationships. While it is frequently viewed through a secular lens, in biblical contexts, eros can be seen as a celebration of the beauty and sanctity of love between partners. This form of love is not merely physical; it also involves emotional and spiritual dimensions, reflecting the holistic nature of human connection as intended in the divine design of relationships.
How to Embrace Different Types of Love as a Christian
Embracing different types of love as a Christian is a beautiful journey that reflects the heart of God in our relationships. Start by recognizing that love comes in many forms—agape (unconditional love), philia (brotherly love), storge (familial love), and eros (romantic love)—each serving a unique purpose in our lives. As you cultivate these loves, remember that they are not just feelings but actions rooted in kindness, patience, and selflessness. For instance, practice agape love by serving those in need, showing compassion to strangers, and forgiving those who have wronged you. Foster philia by building deep, supportive friendships that encourage spiritual growth. Cherish storge by nurturing your family bonds, creating a home filled with grace and understanding. And when it comes to eros, approach romantic love with respect and commitment, reflecting Christ’s love for the Church. By intentionally embracing these diverse expressions of love, you not only enrich your own life but also become a living testament to the love of Christ in the world around you.
Bible References to Greek Definitions of Love:
1 John 4:7-21: 7 Beloved, let us love one another, for love is from God, and whoever loves has been born of God and knows God.
8 Anyone who does not love does not know God, because God is love.
In this the love of God was made manifest among us, that God sent his only Son into the world, so that we might live through him.
10 In this is love, not that we have loved God but that he loved us and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins.
11 Beloved, if God so loved us, we also ought to love one another.
12 No one has ever seen God; if we love one another, God abides in us and his love is perfected in us.
13 By this we know that we abide in him and he in us, because he has given us of his Spirit.
14 And we have seen and testify that the Father has sent his Son to be the Savior of the world.
15 Whoever confesses that Jesus is the Son of God, God abides in him, and he in God.
16 So we have come to know and to believe the love that God has for us. God is love, and whoever abides in love abides in God, and God abides in him.
17 By this is love perfected with us, so that we may have confidence for the day of judgment, because as he is so also are we in this world.
18 There is no fear in love, but perfect love casts out fear. For fear has to do with punishment, and whoever fears has not been perfected in love.
19 We love because he first loved us.
20 If anyone says, “I love God,” and hates his brother, he is a liar; for he who does not love his brother whom he has seen cannot love God whom he has not seen.
21 And this commandment we have from him: whoever loves God must also love his brother.
John 15:9-17: 9 As the Father has loved me, so have I loved you. Abide in my love.
10 If you keep my commandments, you will abide in my love, just as I have kept my Father’s commandments and abide in his love.
11 These things I have spoken to you, that my joy may be in you, and that your joy may be full.
12 “This is my commandment, that you love one another as I have loved you.”
13 Greater love has no one than this, that someone lay down his life for his friends.
14 You are my friends if you do what I command you.
15 No longer do I call you servants, for the servant does not know what his master is doing; but I have called you friends, for all that I have heard from my Father I have made known to you.
16 You did not choose me, but I chose you and appointed you that you should go and bear fruit and that your fruit should abide, so that whatever you ask the Father in my name, he may give it to you.
17 These things I command you, so that you will love one another.
Romans 12:9-21: Let love be genuine. Abhor what is evil; hold fast to what is good.
10 Love one another with brotherly affection. Outdo one another in showing honor.
11 Do not be slothful in zeal, be fervent in spirit, serve the Lord.
12 Rejoice in hope, be patient in tribulation, be constant in prayer.
13 Contribute to the needs of the saints and seek to show hospitality.
14 Bless those who persecute you; bless and do not curse them.
15 Rejoice with those who rejoice, weep with those who weep.
Live in harmony with one another. Do not be haughty, but associate with the lowly. Never be wise in your own sight.
17 Repay no one evil for evil, but give thought to do what is honorable in the sight of all.
18 If possible, so far as it depends on you, live peaceably with all.
19 Beloved, never avenge yourselves, but leave it to the wrath of God, for it is written, “Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the Lord.”
20 To the contrary, “if your enemy is hungry, feed him; if he is thirsty, give him something to drink; for by so doing you will heap burning coals on his head.”
21 Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good.
Ephesians 5:1-2: 1 Therefore be imitators of God, as beloved children.
2 And walk in love, as Christ loved us and gave himself up for us, a fragrant offering and sacrifice to God.
Colossians 3:12-14: 12 Put on then, as God’s chosen ones, holy and beloved, compassionate hearts, kindness, humility, meekness, and patience,
13 bearing with one another and, if one has a complaint against another, forgiving each other; as the Lord has forgiven you, so you also must forgive.
14 And above all these put on love, which binds everything together in perfect harmony.
1 Peter 4:7-11: 7 The end of all things is at hand; therefore be self-controlled and sober-minded for the sake of your prayers.
8 Above all, keep loving one another earnestly, since love covers a multitude of sins.
Show hospitality to one another without grumbling.
10 As each has received a gift, use it to serve one another, as good stewards of God’s varied grace:
11 whoever speaks, as one who speaks oracles of God; whoever serves, as one who serves by the strength that God supplies—in order that in everything God may be glorified through Jesus Christ. To him belong glory and dominion forever and ever. Amen.
Galatians 5:13-14: 13 For you were called to freedom, brothers. Only do not use your freedom as an opportunity for the flesh, but through love serve one another.
14 For the whole law is fulfilled in one word: “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.”
Matthew 22:34-40: 34 But when the Pharisees heard that he had silenced the Sadducees, they gathered together.
35 And one of them, a lawyer, asked him a question to test him.
36 “Teacher, which is the great commandment in the Law?”
37 And he said to him, “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.”
38 This is the great and first commandment.
39 And a second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself.
40 On these two commandments depend all the Law and the Prophets.
Mark 12:28-34: 28 And one of the scribes came up and heard them disputing with one another, and seeing that he answered them well, asked him, “Which commandment is the most important of all?”
29 Jesus answered, “The most important is, ‘Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one.
30 And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength.
31 The second is this: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.”
32 And the scribe said to him, “You are right, Teacher. You have truly said that he is one, and there is no other besides him.
33 And to love him with all the heart and with all the understanding and with all the strength, and to love one’s neighbor as oneself, is much more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.”
34 And when Jesus saw that he answered wisely, he said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.” And after that no one dared to ask him any more questions.
Luke 10:25-37: 25 And behold, a lawyer stood up to put him to the test, saying, “Teacher, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?”
26 He said to him, “What is written in the Law? How do you read it?”
27 And he answered, “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength and with all your mind, and your neighbor as yourself.”
28 And he said to him, “You have answered correctly; do this, and you will live.”
29 But he, desiring to justify himself, said to Jesus, “And who is my neighbor?”
30 Jesus replied, “A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and he fell among robbers, who stripped him and beat him and departed, leaving him half dead.
31 Now by chance a priest was going down that road, and when he saw him he passed by on the other side.
32 So too, a Levite, when he came to the place and saw him, passed by on the other side.
33 But a Samaritan, as he journeyed, came to where he was, and when he saw him, he had compassion.
34 He went to him and bound up his wounds, pouring on oil and wine. Then he set him on his own animal and brought him to an inn and took care of him.
35 And the next day he took out two denarii and gave them to the innkeeper, saying, ‘Take care of him, and whatever more you spend, I will repay you when I come back.’
36 Which of these three, do you think, proved to be a neighbor to the man who fell among the robbers?”
37 He said, “The one who showed him mercy.” And Jesus said to him, “You go, and do likewise.”
Romans 13:8-10: 8 Owe no one anything, except to love each other, for the one who loves another has fulfilled the law.
9 For the commandments, “You shall not commit adultery, You shall not murder, You shall not steal, You shall not covet,” and any other commandment, are summed up in this word: “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.”
10 Love does no wrong to a neighbor; therefore love is the fulfilling of the law.
1 John 3:11-18: 11 For this is the message that you have heard from the beginning, that we should love one another.
12 We should not be like Cain, who was of the evil one and murdered his brother. And why did he murder him? Because his own deeds were evil and his brother’s righteous.
13 Do not be surprised, brothers, that the world hates you.
14 We know that we have passed out of death into life, because we love the brothers. Whoever does not love abides in death.
15 Everyone who hates his brother is a murderer, and you know that no murderer has eternal life abiding in him.
16 By this we know love, that he laid down his life for us, and we ought to lay down our lives for the brothers.
17 But if anyone has the world’s goods and sees his brother in need, yet closes his heart against him, how does God’s love abide in him?
18 Little children, let us not love in word or talk but in deed and in truth.
2 John 1:5-6: 5 And now I ask you, dear lady—not as though I were writing you a new commandment, but the one we have had from the beginning—that we love one another.
6 And this is love, that we walk according to his commandments; this is the commandment, just as you have heard from the beginning, so that you should walk in it.
John 13:34-35: 34 A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another: just as I have loved you, you also are to love one another.
35 By this all people will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another.
Reverend Ogunlade is a seasoned Church Minister with over three decades of experience in guiding and nurturing congregations. With profound wisdom and a serene approach, Reverend Ogunlade has carried out various pastoral duties, including delivering uplifting sermons, conducting religious ceremonies, and offering sage counsel to individuals seeking spiritual guidance. Their commitment to fostering harmony and righteousness within their community is exemplified through their compassionate nature, making them a beloved and trusted figure among the congregation.