1 Again I saw all the oppressions that are done under the sun. And behold, the tears of the oppressed, and they had no one to comfort them! On the side of their oppressors there was power, and there was no one to comfort them.
2 And I thought the dead who are already dead more fortunate than the living who are still alive.
3 But better than both is he who has not yet been and has not seen the evil deeds that are done under the sun.
4 Then I saw that all toil and all skill in work come from a man’s envy of his neighbor. This also is vanity and a striving after wind.
5 The fool folds his hands and eats his own flesh.
6 Better is a handful of quietness than two hands full of toil and a striving after wind.
7 Again, I saw vanity under the sun:
8 There was a man all alone; he had neither son nor brother. There was no end to his toil, yet his eyes were not content with his wealth. “For whom am I toiling,” he asked, “and why am I depriving myself of enjoyment?” This too is meaningless— a miserable business!
9 Two are better than one, because they have a good reward for their toil.
10 For if they fall, one will lift up his fellow. But woe to him who is alone when he falls and has not another to lift him up!
11 Again, if two lie together, they keep warm, but how can one keep warm alone?
12 And though a man might prevail against one who is alone, two will withstand him—a threefold cord is not quickly broken.
13 Better was a poor and wise youth than an old and foolish king who no longer knew how to take advice.
14 for he went from prison to the throne, though in his own kingdom he had been born poor.
15 I saw all the living who move about under the sun, along with that youth who was to stand in the king’s place.
16 There was no end of all the people, all of whom he led. Yet those who come later will not rejoice in him. Surely this also is vanity and a striving after wind.
The True Meaning of Ecclesiastes 4
The book of Ecclesiastes was written by King Solomon, the wisest and wealthiest king of ancient Israel. Solomon, as the son of King David, had a unique perspective on the human experience and the meaning of life. He reflects on the struggles and injustices that people face in the world in this chapter, offering a sobering yet insightful commentary on the human condition.
Solomon begins by observing the oppression and exploitation that he sees around him, noting that the tears of the oppressed have no comforter. He then compares the plight of the living to the dead, suggesting that the dead are better off than the living. This leads him to consider the value of companionship and the importance of having someone to share the burdens of life.
Throughout the chapter, Solomon draws upon his vast knowledge of the Scriptures, referencing the book of Proverbs and other wisdom literature. He reminds us that true fulfillment and contentment can only be found in a right relationship with God, rather than in the pursuit of wealth, power, or status. We will confront the harsh realities of the world as we delve into this chapter, but we will also be reminded of the hope and comfort that can be found in the eternal wisdom of God’s word.
Ecclesiastes 4:1-3
The Preacher reflects on the oppression and suffering he observes in the world in Ecclesiastes 4:1-3. The passage begins with the declaration, “Again I looked and saw all the oppression that was taking place under the sun. I saw the tears of the oppressed—and they have no comforter; power was on the side of their oppressors—and they have no comforter.” Here, the Preacher witnesses the harsh reality of oppression and injustice that exists in the world. He sees the tears of the oppressed, who have no one to comfort them, and acknowledges the imbalance of power that favors the oppressors.
This section of Ecclesiastes highlights the brokenness of the world and the prevalence of suffering. It speaks to the human experience of pain and injustice, offering a poignant reminder of the fallen nature of the world due to sin. The absence of a comforter for the oppressed emphasizes the need for compassion, empathy, and intervention on behalf of those who are suffering. We reflect on this passage, reminding us of the importance of standing up for justice and defending the marginalized in society. Throughout the Bible, we see a consistent call to care for the oppressed, advocate for the vulnerable, and seek righteousness. “Isaiah 1:17 states, ‘Learn to do right; seek justice.’” Defend the oppressed. Take up the cause of the fatherless; plead the case of the widow.” This verse echoes the sentiments expressed in Ecclesiastes 4, underscoring the biblical mandate to fight against injustice and oppression.
The Preacher goes on to describe a dark perspective on life, stating, “And I declared that the dead, who had already died, are happier than the living, who are still alive. But better than both is the one who has never been born, who has not seen the evil that is done under the sun.” Here, the Preacher expresses a profound sense of despair, suggesting that the dead may find more peace and contentment than the living, who must endure the suffering and injustices of life. This bleak outlook reflects the Preacher’s deep contemplation of the complexities of human existence and the harsh realities of the world.
This somber reflection on the nature of life serves as a reminder of the fallen state of humanity and the longing for redemption and restoration. It points to the inherent brokenness of the world and the need for a savior. The Bible offers hope in the midst of despair, pointing to the promise of salvation through Jesus Christ. God reassures us in Romans 5:8 that “God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us.”” This message of redemption and grace provides comfort and hope in the face of suffering and despair.
Ecclesiastes 4:4-6
The author reflects on the emptiness and futility of people working tirelessly without considering the value of companionship and relationships in Ecclesiastes 4:4-6. The verse starts with “And I saw that all toil and all achievement spring from one person’s envy of another. This too is meaningless, a chasing after the wind.” Here, the Preacher, believed to be King Solomon, observes the competitive nature of work driven by envy and the pursuit of wealth or success solely to outdo others. He is emphasizing how working just for the sake of surpassing others brings no lasting fulfillment, akin to chasing after the wind. This concept is a recurring theme in Ecclesiastes, warning against the pursuit of earthly possessions and status as a means of finding happiness or contentment.
Moving on to verse 5, it reads, “Fools fold their hands and ruin themselves.” This line can be interpreted in a couple of ways. One understanding is that laziness and idleness lead to ruin, as one must work diligently to sustain themselves and not be passive in their responsibilities. However, in the context of the preceding verse discussing the meaninglessness of envy-driven toil, this could also point to the idea that some may choose idleness over the burdensome pursuit of material gain. This verse can serve as a caution against both extremes – the relentless pursuit of success through envy, and the avoidance of responsibility through laziness.
The following verse, “Better one handful with tranquility than two handfuls with toil and chasing after the wind,” contrasts the idea of contentment with relentless striving for more. Here, the Preacher suggests that having less but being at peace within oneself is preferable to accumulating wealth through endless toil and competition. This echoes the lesson Jesus teaches in Matthew 6:19-21 about not storing up treasures on earth, where they can be destroyed, but instead focusing on treasures in heaven where they are eternal. These verses in Ecclesiastes 4:4-6 remind people to seek contentment and value in their relationships, rather than relentlessly pursuing material possessions or status out of envy. The Preacher emphasizes the emptiness of such pursuits and encourages a simpler life focused on cultivating peace and tranquility within oneself. This message aligns with the biblical teachings on the dangers of worldly desires and the importance of prioritizing spiritual wealth over material wealth.
Ecclesiastes 4:7-8
This verse in Ecclesiastes 4:7-8 reads, “Again I saw something meaningless under the sun: There was a man all alone; he had neither son nor brother. There was no end to his toil, yet his eyes were not content with his wealth. ‘For whom am I toiling,’ he asked, ‘and why am I depriving myself of enjoyment?’ This too is meaningless—a miserable business. King Solomon reflects upon the various aspects of life and its vanity in the book of Ecclesiastes. The author observes a man who is alone without family in this particular passage. This man could be seen as a representation of the wider society, where people may find themselves isolated despite their material wealth or hard work. Despite his efforts and accumulation of wealth, the man finds himself unfulfilled and lacking contentment.
The meaning behind this passage delves into the theme of the futility of labor and the pursuit of wealth without personal relationships or a sense of purpose. It emphasizes the emptiness that can come from a life solely dedicated to work and material gain, highlighting the importance of human connection, relationships, and enjoying the fruits of one’s labor.
This storyline of the man alone can be seen through various biblical narratives such as that of King Solomon himself. Though known for his great wisdom and wealth, Solomon came to realize the emptiness of material pursuits and the fleeting nature of worldly success. Solomon in Ecclesiastes 2:10-11 speaks of amassing great wealth and possessions, yet finding no ultimate satisfaction in them, echoing the sentiments of the man discussed in Ecclesiastes 4.
The overarching message here is a caution against placing too much emphasis on worldly possessions and careers at the expense of neglecting relationships and inner fulfillment. It serves as a reminder to seek a balanced life that encompasses both work and personal connections, echoing the sentiments in Matthew 6:19-21, where Jesus advises storing treasures in heaven rather than on earth. Believers are reminded by Ecclesiastes 4:7-8 to prioritize what truly matters in life, not to get caught up in the pursuit of wealth and success to the detriment of relationships and spiritual fulfillment. It encourages a holistic approach to living, where work is balanced with cherishing family, friends, and the blessings that come from a life lived with purpose and contentment in God.
Ecclesiastes 4:9-12
The passage in Ecclesiastes 4:9-12 speaks about the power of companionship and the strength found in unity. Let’s break down this verse into crucial sections for deeper exploration:
“Two are better than one, because they have a good return for their labor: If either of them falls down, one can help the other up.”
This section emphasizes the value of teamwork and partnership. It suggests that by working together, individuals can accomplish more and be more productive than if they were alone. This concept of strength in numbers is a recurring theme throughout the Bible. The book of Ecclesiastes underscores the importance of not isolating oneself but rather seeking the support and assistance of others. This unity among believers is also echoed in Ecclesiastes 4:12 where it states, “Though one may be overpowered, two can defend themselves. A cord of three strands is not quickly broken.” This analogy of a cord of three strands represents the resilience and durability of relationships when founded on God as the third strand.
“But pity anyone who falls and has no one to help them up.”
This part serves as a warning of the dangers of facing life’s challenges alone. It recognizes the vulnerability of solitary existence and the significance of having a companion to offer help and support. This verse highlights the God-given need for fellowship and community. Throughout the Bible, we see the importance of relationships and the consequences of isolation. God said in Genesis 2:18, “It is not good for the man to be alone.” I will make a helper suitable for him.” This is a foundational truth that extends beyond Adam and Eve but speaks to the essential nature of human connection.
“Also, if two lie down together, they will keep warm. But how can one keep warm alone? Though one may be overpowered, two can defend themselves. A cord of three strands is not quickly broken.”
These lines further emphasize the benefits of companionship by illustrating practical examples of how unity provides strength and comfort. The imagery of warmth and protection conveys the holistic support that comes from having someone by your side. This collective strength is not just physical but emotional and spiritual as well. Jesus highlights the theme of unity in His prayer for believers in John 17:21 in the New Testament, where He prays that believers may be one just as He and the Father are one, emphasizing the unity and interconnectedness among believers. Ecclesiastes 4:9-12 serves as a poignant reminder of the value of relationships, the power of unity, and the strength found in community. It reinforces the biblical truth that we are not meant to journey through life alone but to walk in partnership with others, drawing support, encouragement, and strength from one another in our faith and daily lives.
Ecclesiastes 4:13-16
The verses in Ecclesiastes 4:13-16 read as follows: “A poor and wise child is better than an old and foolish king who will no more be admonished.” For out of prison he cometh to reign; whereas also he that is born in his kingdom becometh poor. I considered all the living which walk under the sun, with the second child that shall stand up in his stead. There is no end of all the people, even of all that have been before them: they also that come after shall not rejoice in him. Surely this also is vanity and vexation of spirit.”
The first section speaks about the value of wisdom over wealth and age. It highlights the point that wisdom is more important than riches and even the wisdom of a poor child is better than the foolishness of an old and powerful king who refuses to be corrected. This contrasts the notion that wealth and power bring superiority, emphasizing the timeless truth that true wisdom and humility are far more valuable than material possessions or status. This idea is mirrored in many other parts of the Bible, such as Proverbs 16:16 which states, “How much better to get wisdom than gold, to get insight rather than silver!”
The passage then continues to discuss the idea of a prisoner ascending to power while the one born into royalty becomes impoverished. This turn of events illustrates the unpredictable nature of life and the fact that circumstances can change drastically. This can be seen in the stories of Joseph in the book of Genesis or Daniel in the book of Daniel, both of whom were prisoners but were eventually exalted by God to positions of power and influence. It serves as a reminder that worldly positions and wealth are temporary, and true fulfillment comes from following God’s ways and seeking wisdom.
The final part of the passage reflects on the fleeting nature of fame and the reality that the praise and admiration people receive in this life are often short-lived. It speaks to the vanity and emptiness of seeking validation from others or pursuing worldly success without considering the eternal perspective. This concept is echoed in Matthew 16:26, where Jesus asks, “For what will it profit a man if he gains the whole world and forfeits his soul?” This verse emphasizes the importance of seeking eternal, spiritual treasures over temporary worldly gains. Ecclesiastes 4:13-16 reflects on the value of wisdom over wealth, the unpredictable nature of life, and the fleeting nature of worldly success. It urges readers to prioritize wisdom, humility, and faith in God over the pursuit of material possessions or earthly recognition. It serves as a reminder to focus on the eternal rather than the temporary, seeking fulfillment in God rather than in the empty pursuits of this world.
After Ecclesiastes 4
The Preacher painted a sobering picture of the vanity and futility of selfish pursuits as the chapter came to a close. He had seen the oppression of the powerless, the envy and rivalry that consumed the hearts of men, and the isolation of those who toiled only for themselves. The Preacher’s words echoed a profound truth: that true fulfillment and meaning could not be found in the endless cycle of greed and competition, but rather in the bonds of community and the selfless service of others.
Yet, as the chapter drew to a end, the Preacher knew that his work was not done. For the path to wisdom and understanding was long and arduous, and there were still many more lessons to impart. He prepared to delve deeper into the mysteries of the human condition, ever seeking to guide his flock towards the light of true contentment and purpose with a heavy heart but a resolute spirit.
Reverend Ogunlade is a seasoned Church Minister with over three decades of experience in guiding and nurturing congregations. With profound wisdom and a serene approach, Reverend Ogunlade has carried out various pastoral duties, including delivering uplifting sermons, conducting religious ceremonies, and offering sage counsel to individuals seeking spiritual guidance. Their commitment to fostering harmony and righteousness within their community is exemplified through their compassionate nature, making them a beloved and trusted figure among the congregation.