In the Bible, a “heathen” refers to a person who does not belong to the Jewish faith or one who is uncivilized or pagan, often associated with idolatry and a lack of knowledge of God. The term is used to describe those outside the covenant community of Israel, emphasizing their spiritual estrangement from God.
Scripture
9 “When you come into the land that the Lord your God is giving you, you shall not learn to follow the abominable practices of those nations.”
10 There shall not be found among you anyone who burns his son or his daughter as an offering, anyone who practices divination or tells fortunes or interprets omens, or a sorcerer.
11 or a charmer or a medium or a necromancer or one who inquires of the dead,
12 For whoever does these things is an abomination to the Lord. And because of these abominations the Lord your God is driving them out before you.
13 You shall be blameless before the Lord your God.
14 For these nations, which you are about to dispossess, listen to fortune-tellers and to diviners. But as for you, the Lord your God has not allowed you to do this.
Biblical Definition of Heathen
The concept of “heathen” in the Bible primarily refers to individuals or groups who do not worship the God of Israel. This is evident in multiple Old Testament texts, such as Psalms 96:5, which states, “For all the gods of the nations are idols: but the Lord made the heavens.” Here, the juxtaposition of the true God against the idols of the heathen nations underscores a fundamental belief in the exclusivity of Israel’s God. The term is often associated with practices considered idolatrous or immoral, which reflects the broader theological narrative of Israel’s calling to remain separate from surrounding nations to maintain their covenant relationship with God (Exodus 34:12-16).
In the New Testament, the idea extends beyond ethnicity to encompass a spiritual condition. Paul, in Ephesians 2:12, speaks of gentiles as being “aliens from the commonwealth of Israel and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world.” Here, “heathen” transforms into a more existential description of separation, emphasizing not just a lack of religious identity but a dramatic void of hope that accompanies estrangement from God. This broadens the biblical understanding of “heathen” beyond mere cultural or ethnic boundaries to encompass any person, regardless of background, who is distanced from a relationship with the divine. Ultimately, the notion of heathenism serves to highlight the grace extended through Christ, as stated in Acts 10:35, where God is shown to accept those from every nation who fear Him and do righteousness, expanding the covenantal promise to all humanity.
The biblical understanding of the term “heathen” is deeply rooted in the idea of worship and ideology, often contrasting the practices of idolaters with those who follow the one true God. In the prophetic literature, such as in Isaiah, the term is linked to the consequences of abandoning God’s statutes and embracing foreign deities. Prophets frequently denounce the worship of these false gods, calling the people back to fidelity to Yahweh, embodying the theme of repentance and the importance of worship in the life of the community. This underscores a sociocultural standard wherein being labeled a “heathen” reflects not merely individual choices but broader societal trends away from divine law.
Moreover, the concept of “heathen” also invites reflections on God’s justice and mercy. Although initially applied to nations and peoples outside Israel’s covenant, the prophetic messages reveal a divine concern for these “heathen” nations, indicating that God’s sovereignty extends over all peoples. In Jonah’s narrative, the reluctance of the prophet to preach repentance to the Ninevites illustrates a critical tension; even those considered heathens were the object of God’s compassion, culminating in an acknowledgment that divine grace is not limited to a single group. This multifaceted approach reinforces the notion that while “heathen” implies apartness from God, it simultaneously raises the possibility of inclusion, foreshadowing the New Testament message of salvation for all, regardless of previous idolatry or distance from the faith.
The Concept of Idolatry
In the biblical context, the term “heathen” often refers to those who engage in idolatry or worship false gods. This broader meaning highlights the distinction between the worship of the one true God and the practices of surrounding nations that venerated multiple deities or created images for worship. The heathen are seen as those who have turned away from the covenant relationship with God, leading to spiritual blindness and moral decay.
The Exclusion from God’s Covenant
Another significant meaning of “heathen” pertains to the idea of exclusion from God’s covenant community. In the Old Testament, the Israelites were chosen as God’s people, and those outside this community—often referred to as heathens—were viewed as lacking the knowledge of God and His laws. This separation underscores the importance of belonging to a community that upholds divine principles and the consequences of being outside that divine relationship.
The Call to Evangelism and Inclusion
In the New Testament, the term “heathen” evolves to reflect a broader mission of evangelism and inclusion. The early Christian church began to reach out to Gentiles, who were often labeled as heathens. This shift emphasizes the message that salvation through Christ is available to all, regardless of their previous beliefs or practices. The transformation of the term from a label of exclusion to one of potential inclusion illustrates the expanding understanding of God’s grace and the universal call to faith.
How to Shine as a Light in a Dark World
Shining as a light in a dark world begins with embracing the love and teachings of Christ in our daily lives. It’s about letting His light reflect through our actions, words, and attitudes, even when faced with challenges or negativity. Start by cultivating a heart of compassion and kindness; small acts of love can have a ripple effect in your community. Engage in conversations that uplift and encourage others, and don’t shy away from sharing your faith when the opportunity arises. Remember, it’s not about being perfect but being authentic—showing your struggles and how your faith helps you navigate them can inspire others. Pray for guidance and strength, and seek out ways to serve those in need, whether through volunteering, lending a listening ear, or simply being present for someone who is hurting. By living out your faith with sincerity and joy, you can illuminate the path for others, reminding them that even in the darkest times, there is hope and love to be found in Christ.
Bible References to the Definition of Heathen:
Psalm 2:1-12: 1 Why do the nations rage and the peoples plot in vain?
2 The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the Lord and against his Anointed, saying,
3 “Let us burst their bonds apart and cast away their cords from us.”
4 He who sits in the heavens laughs; the Lord holds them in derision.
5 Then he will speak to them in his wrath, and terrify them in his fury, saying,
6 As for me, I have set my King on Zion, my holy hill.
7 I will tell of the decree: The LORD said to me, “You are my Son; today I have begotten you.
8 Ask of me, and I will make the nations your heritage, and the ends of the earth your possession.
9 You shall break them with a rod of iron and dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel.
10 Now therefore, O kings, be wise; be warned, O rulers of the earth.
11 Serve the Lord with fear, and rejoice with trembling.
12 Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and you perish in the way, for his wrath is quickly kindled. Blessed are all who take refuge in him.
Psalm 96:1-13: 1 Oh sing to the Lord a new song; sing to the Lord, all the earth!
2 Sing to the Lord; bless his name; tell of his salvation from day to day.
3 Declare his glory among the nations, his marvelous works among all the peoples!
4 For great is the Lord, and greatly to be praised; he is to be feared above all gods.
5 For all the gods of the peoples are worthless idols, but the Lord made the heavens.
6 Splendor and majesty are before him; strength and beauty are in his sanctuary.
7 Ascribe to the Lord, O families of the peoples, ascribe to the Lord glory and strength.
8 Ascribe to the Lord the glory due his name; bring an offering, and come into his courts!
9 Worship the Lord in the splendor of holiness; tremble before him, all the earth!
10 Say among the nations, “The Lord reigns! Yes, the world is established; it shall never be moved; he will judge the peoples with equity.”
11 Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice; let the sea roar, and all that fills it.
12 Let the field exult, and everything in it! Then shall all the trees of the forest sing for joy.
13 For he comes, for he comes to judge the earth. He will judge the world in righteousness, and the peoples in his faithfulness.
Isaiah 2:2-4: 2 It shall come to pass in the latter days that the mountain of the house of the Lord shall be established as the highest of the mountains, and shall be lifted up above the hills; and all the nations shall flow to it,
3 And many peoples shall come, and say: “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, to the house of the God of Jacob, that he may teach us his ways and that we may walk in his paths.”
4 He shall judge between the nations, and shall decide disputes for many peoples; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war anymore.
Isaiah 56:6-8: 6 “And the foreigners who join themselves to the Lord, to minister to him, to love the name of the Lord, and to be his servants, everyone who keeps the Sabbath and does not profane it, and holds fast my covenant—”
7 these I will bring to my holy mountain,
and make them joyful in my house of prayer;
their burnt offerings and their sacrifices
will be accepted on my altar;
for my house shall be called a house of prayer
for all peoples.”
8 The Lord God, who gathers the outcasts of Israel, declares, “I will gather yet others to him besides those already gathered.”
Jeremiah 10:1-10: 10 Hear the word that the Lord speaks to you, O house of Israel.
2 Thus says the Lord: “Learn not the way of the nations, nor be dismayed at the signs of the heavens because the nations are dismayed at them,
3 for the customs of the peoples are vanity.
4 They decorate it with silver and gold; they fasten it with hammer and nails so that it cannot move.
5 Their idols are like scarecrows in a cucumber field, and they cannot speak; they have to be carried, for they cannot walk. Do not be afraid of them, for they cannot do evil, neither is it in them to do good.”
6 There is none like you, O Lord; you are great, and your name is great in might.
7 Who would not fear you, O King of the nations?
For this is your due;
for among all the wise ones of the nations
and in all their kingdoms
there is none like you.
8 They are both stupid and foolish; the instruction of idols is but wood!
9 Beaten silver is brought from Tarshish,
and gold from Uphaz.
10 But the Lord is the true God; he is the living God and the everlasting King. At his wrath the earth quakes, and the nations cannot endure his indignation.
Ezekiel 36:22-32: 22 “Therefore say to the house of Israel, Thus says the Lord God: It is not for your sake, O house of Israel, that I am about to act, but for the sake of my holy name, which you have profaned among the nations to which you came.”
23 And I will vindicate the holiness of my great name, which has been profaned among the nations, and which you have profaned among them. And the nations will know that I am the Lord, declares the Lord God, when through you I vindicate my holiness before their eyes.
24 I will take you from the nations and gather you from all the countries and bring you into your own land.
25 I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you shall be clean from all your uncleannesses, and from all your idols I will cleanse you.
26 And I will give you a new heart, and a new spirit I will put within you. And I will remove the heart of stone from your flesh and give you a heart of flesh.
27 And I will put my Spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes and be careful to obey my rules.
28 Then you shall dwell in the land that I gave to your fathers, and you shall be my people, and I will be your God.
29 I will deliver you from all your uncleannesses.
30 And I will multiply the fruit of the tree and the increase of the field, that you may never again suffer the disgrace of famine among the nations.
31 Then you will remember your evil ways, and your deeds that were not good, and you will loathe yourselves for your iniquities and your abominations.
32 It is not for your sake that I will act, declares the Lord God; let that be known to you. Be ashamed and confounded for your ways, O house of Israel.
Joel 3:9-17: 9 Proclaim this among the nations: Consecrate for war; stir up the mighty men. Let all the men of war draw near; let them come up.
Beat your plowshares into swords,
and your pruning hooks into spears;
let the weak say, “I am a warrior.”
11 Hasten and come, all you surrounding nations, and gather yourselves there. Bring down your warriors, O Lord.
12 Let the nations stir themselves up and come up to the Valley of Jehoshaphat; for there I will sit to judge all the surrounding nations.
13 Put in the sickle,
for the harvest is ripe.
Go in, tread,
for the winepress is full.
The vats overflow,
for their evil is great.
14 Multitudes, multitudes, in the valley of decision! For the day of the Lord is near in the valley of decision.
15 The sun and the moon are darkened, and the stars withdraw their shining.
16 The Lord roars from Zion,
and utters his voice from Jerusalem,
and the heavens and the earth quake.
But the Lord is a refuge to his people,
a stronghold to the people of Israel.
17 “So you shall know that I am the Lord your God, who dwells in Zion, my holy mountain. And Jerusalem shall be holy, and strangers shall never again pass through it.”
Amos 9:11-12: 11 “In that day I will raise up the booth of David that is fallen and repair its breaches, and raise up its ruins and rebuild it as in the days of old,”
12 that they may possess the remnant of Edom
and all the nations who are called by my name,”
declares the Lord who does this.
Micah 4:1-5: 1 It shall come to pass in the latter days that the mountain of the house of the Lord shall be established as the highest of the mountains, and it shall be lifted up above the hills; and peoples shall flow to it.
2 and many nations shall come, and say: “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, to the house of the God of Jacob, that he may teach us his ways and that we may walk in his paths.” For out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem.
3 He shall judge between many peoples, and shall decide for strong nations far away; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war anymore.
4 But they shall sit every man under his vine and under his fig tree, and no one shall make them afraid, for the mouth of the Lord of hosts has spoken.
5 For all the peoples walk each in the name of its god,
but we will walk in the name of the Lord our God
forever and ever.
Zechariah 8:20-23: 20 “Thus says the Lord of hosts: Peoples shall yet come, even the inhabitants of many cities.
21 The inhabitants of one city shall go to another, saying, ‘Let us go at once to entreat the favor of the Lord and to seek the Lord of hosts; I myself am going.’
22 Many peoples and strong nations shall come to seek the Lord of hosts in Jerusalem and to entreat the favor of the Lord.
23 Thus says the Lord of hosts: In those days ten men from the nations of every tongue shall take hold of the robe of a Jew, saying, ‘Let us go with you, for we have heard that God is with you.’”
Matthew 6:7-8: 7 “And when you pray, do not heap up empty phrases as the Gentiles do, for they think that they will be heard for their many words.”
8 Do not be like them, for your Father knows what you need before you ask him.
Matthew 18:15-17: 15 “If your brother sins against you, go and tell him his fault, between you and him alone. If he listens to you, you have gained your brother.”
16 But if he does not listen, take one or two others along with you, that every charge may be established by the evidence of two or three witnesses.
17 If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church. And if he refuses to listen even to the church, let him be to you as a Gentile and a tax collector.
Acts 14:15-18: 15 “Men, why are you doing these things? We also are men, of like nature with you, and we bring you good news, that you should turn from these vain things to a living God, who made the heaven and the earth and the sea and all that is in them.”
16 In past generations he allowed all the nations to walk in their own ways.
17 Yet he did not leave himself without witness, for he did good by giving you rains from heaven and fruitful seasons, satisfying your hearts with food and gladness.
18 Even with these words they scarcely restrained the people from offering sacrifice to them.
Romans 1:18-32: 18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth.
19 For what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them.
20 For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse.
21 For although they knew God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their foolish hearts were darkened.
22 Claiming to be wise, they became fools,
23 and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal man and birds and animals and creeping things.
24 Therefore God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, to the dishonoring of their bodies among themselves,
25 because they exchanged the truth about God for a lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever! Amen.
26 For this reason God gave them up to dishonorable passions. For their women exchanged natural relations for those that are contrary to nature;
27 and the men likewise gave up natural relations with women and were consumed with passion for one another, men committing shameless acts with men and receiving in themselves the due penalty for their error.
28 And since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God gave them up to a debased mind to do what ought not to be done.
29 They were filled with all manner of unrighteousness, evil, covetousness, malice. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, maliciousness. They are gossips,
30 slanderers, haters of God, insolent, haughty, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient to parents,
31 foolish, faithless, heartless, ruthless.
32 Though they know God’s righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die, they not only do them but give approval to those who practice them.
1 Corinthians 5:9-13: 9 I wrote to you in my letter not to associate with sexually immoral people—
10 not at all meaning the sexually immoral of this world, or the greedy and swindlers, or idolaters, since then you would need to go out of the world.
11 But now I am writing to you not to associate with anyone who bears the name of brother if he is guilty of sexual immorality or greed, or is an idolater, reviler, drunkard, or swindler—not even to eat with such a one.
12 For what have I to do with judging outsiders? Is it not those inside the church whom you are to judge?
13 God judges those outside. “Purge the evil person from among you.”
1 Corinthians 12:1-2: Now concerning spiritual gifts, brothers, I do not want you to be uninformed.
2 You know that when you were pagans you were led astray to mute idols, however you were led.
Galatians 3:6-9: 6 just as Abraham “believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness”?
7 Know then that it is those of faith who are the sons of Abraham.
8 And the Scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, preached the gospel beforehand to Abraham, saying, “In you shall all the nations be blessed.”
9 So then, those who are of faith are blessed along with Abraham, the man of faith.
Ephesians 2:11-22: 11 Therefore remember that at one time you Gentiles in the flesh, called “the uncircumcision” by what is called the circumcision, which is made in the flesh by hands—
12 remember that you were at that time separated from Christ, alienated from the commonwealth of Israel and strangers to the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world.
13 But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far off have been brought near by the blood of Christ.
14 For he himself is our peace, who has made us both one and has broken down in his flesh the dividing wall of hostility
15 by abolishing the law of commandments expressed in ordinances, that he might create in himself one new man in place of the two, so making peace,
16 and might reconcile us both to God in one body through the cross, thereby killing the hostility.
17 And he came and preached peace to you who were far off and peace to those who were near.
18 For through him we both have access in one Spirit to the Father.
19 So then you are no longer strangers and aliens, but you are fellow citizens with the saints and members of the household of God,
20 built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the cornerstone,
21 in whom the whole structure, being joined together, grows into a holy temple in the Lord.
22 In him you also are being built together into a dwelling place for God by the Spirit.
1 Thessalonians 4:3-5: 3 For this is the will of God, your sanctification: that you abstain from sexual immorality;
4 that each one of you know how to control his own body in holiness and honor,
5 not in the passion of lust like the Gentiles who do not know God;
1 Peter 2:9-12: 9 But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for his own possession, that you may proclaim the excellencies of him who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light.
10 Once you were not a people, but now you are God’s people; once you had not received mercy, but now you have received mercy.
11 Beloved, I urge you as sojourners and exiles to abstain from the passions of the flesh, which wage war against your soul.
12 Keep your conduct among the Gentiles honorable, so that when they speak against you as evildoers, they may see your good deeds and glorify God on the day of visitation.
Reverend Ogunlade is a seasoned Church Minister with over three decades of experience in guiding and nurturing congregations. With profound wisdom and a serene approach, Reverend Ogunlade has carried out various pastoral duties, including delivering uplifting sermons, conducting religious ceremonies, and offering sage counsel to individuals seeking spiritual guidance. Their commitment to fostering harmony and righteousness within their community is exemplified through their compassionate nature, making them a beloved and trusted figure among the congregation.