Leviticus 11 Explained – Verse by Verse Commentary

The True Meaning of Leviticus 11

The book of Leviticus was written by Moses, the great prophet and leader of the Israelites. Moses provided the people of God with detailed instructions on how to live a holy life, pleasing to the Lord as they journeyed through the wilderness towards the Promised Land. Moses addresses the important topic of clean and unclean animals in this chapter. The Israelites were to carefully distinguish between the creatures they could and could not eat, as this was a matter of obedience to God’s commands. This passage foreshadows the pivotal moment when God will later reveal to the apostle Peter that the dietary restrictions have been lifted (Acts 10:9-16), signifying a new era in God’s relationship with His people. As we delve into this chapter, we will gain insight into the importance of holiness and the ways in which God’s people were to set themselves apart from the surrounding nations. This instruction would not only shape the Israelites’ daily lives but also their identity as the chosen people of God.

Leviticus 11:1-8

The verses in Leviticus 11:1-8 speak about the distinction between clean and unclean animals. The text lays out the specific criteria for which animals the Israelites were allowed to eat and those they were forbidden to consume. It begins by stating that the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, emphasizing the divine origin of these instructions, which were to be followed meticulously by the Israelites. It then goes on to declare that among land animals, those that chew the cud and have a divided hoof are considered clean, while those that do not meet both these criteria are classified as unclean.

The mention of animals that chew the cud and have a divided hoof may seem arbitrary at first glance, but these guidelines were important in the context of the Israelites’ culture and religious practices. The distinction between clean and unclean animals was not merely about dietary preferences, but about maintaining purity and holiness as prescribed by God. The Israelites were demonstrating their obedience to God’s commandments and their commitment to living in accordance with His will by adhering to these rules.

This passage serves as a reminder of the importance of obedience and faithfulness in the lives of believers. Just as the Israelites were called to follow the dietary laws set forth by God, Christians are called to live in obedience to His commands and to uphold His standards of righteousness. While the specifics of dietary restrictions may not apply in the same way today, the principles of obedience, holiness, and faithfulness remain timeless and relevant in the lives of believers.

The concept of clean and unclean animals is also referenced in other parts of the Bible, such as in Noah’s story. God instructs Noah to take seven pairs of clean animals and one pair of unclean animals onto the ark in Genesis 7:2-3. This distinction between clean and unclean animals was significant even in the time of Noah, showcasing its importance in God’s design for His people throughout history. The continuity of this theme underscores the consistency of God’s principles and the enduring relevance of His commandments across different generations.

Leviticus 11:9-12

The text in Leviticus 11:9-12 specifically speaks about what types of creatures the Israelites consider unclean for consumption. It states, “These you may eat, of all that are in the waters. Everything in the waters that has fins and scales, whether in the seas or in the rivers, you may eat. But anything in the seas or the rivers that has not fins and scales, of the swarming creatures in the waters and of the living creatures that are in the waters, is detestable to you.”

This passage is a part of the larger section in Leviticus that discusses dietary laws for the Israelites. The importance of these laws was not only related to physical health but also to spiritual purity and obedience to God’s commands. The Israelites were set apart from other nations and reminded of their unique relationship with God by following these dietary restrictions.

The distinction between clean and unclean animals was not arbitrary; it had symbolic and practical significance. Clean animals, like those with fins and scales in the water, were considered acceptable for consumption because they were seen as pure and healthy. Animals without fins and scales were deemed unwholesome and impure in contrast to clean animals.

This dietary law is significant in understanding the concept of holiness in the Old Testament. The Israelites were demonstrating their obedience to God’s commands and their commitment to holiness by abstaining from certain foods. This theme of holiness and separation is prevalent throughout the Bible, emphasizing the idea that God’s people are called to be set apart from the world and live according to His standards.

The dietary laws in Leviticus also point forward to a deeper spiritual truth. Jesus declares all foods clean in the New Testament (Mark 7:19), signaling a shift in the understanding of purity and holiness. Christians are no longer bound by the dietary laws of the Old Testament but are called to a different kind of purity – one of the heart and mind (Matthew 15:11). Leviticus 11:9-12 addresses not only dietary restrictions but also broader themes of obedience, holiness, and separation. It serves as a reminder to God’s people to live in a way that honors Him and reflects His purity.

Leviticus 11:13-19

Leviticus 11:13-19 focuses on identifying which birds the Israelites can eat as clean or unclean. The verses specifically mention a list of birds that are forbidden to be consumed, such as the eagle, vulture, various types of falcons, crows, ostriches, seagulls, hawks, and owls, among others. These animals were deemed unclean according to the Mosaic Law and were not to be eaten by the Israelites.

The classification of animals as clean or unclean in Leviticus 11 is part of the dietary laws given to the Israelites as a way to maintain their distinctiveness and obedience to God’s commands. Eating only clean animals was not only a physical health concern but also had symbolic and spiritual significance. The Israelites were showing their obedience and trust in God’s wisdom and holiness by following these dietary restrictions.

The idea of clean and unclean animals is not limited to the book of Leviticus but is carried through the Old Testament and even into the New Testament. The book of Deuteronomy gives the Israelites further instructions on dietary laws, reinforcing the importance of being mindful of what they consume. Even in the New Testament, in Acts chapter 10, Peter receives a vision from God that challenges the traditional Jewish dietary laws, showing that the distinction between clean and unclean now extends to people as well, demonstrating God’s acceptance of all who believe in Him.

Understanding the context of Leviticus 11:13-19 helps us appreciate the significance of God’s instructions to the Israelites regarding their diet. Beyond just a list of do’s and don’ts, these laws were meant to set the Israelites apart as a holy nation and to teach them obedience, discipline, and faithfulness to God’s commandments. While these specific dietary laws may not apply to Christians today, the principles of obedience, holiness, and trust in God’s wisdom remain timeless lessons that we can learn from this passage.

Leviticus 11:20-23

Leviticus 11:20-23 presents a set of instructions regarding which insects are considered clean or unclean for consumption. The verses state: “All flying insects that walk on all fours are to be regarded as unclean by you. There are, however, some winged creatures that walk on all fours that you may eat: those that have jointed legs for hopping on the ground. Of these you may eat any kind of locust, katydid, cricket or grasshopper. But all other winged creatures that have four legs you are to regard as unclean.”

The inclusion of detailed guidelines on what is considered clean or unclean when it comes to insects reflects the meticulous nature of the Levitical laws. These laws were not only about dietary restrictions but also about teaching the Israelites to be mindful of distinctions and set apart from the surrounding nations. The Israelites were demonstrating their obedience and devotion to God by following these laws.

The significance of these verses goes beyond the practical aspect of what insects can be eaten. It is a reminder of the importance of obedience to God’s commands, even in matters that may seem trivial to our modern sensibilities. The Israelites were required to trust in God’s wisdom and follow His instructions without question, which can also be seen as a test of faith.

Furthermore, these dietary laws were intended to provide a sense of discipline and self-control. The Israelites were learning to master their desires and submit to God’s authority by restricting certain foods. This practice of self-discipline is a recurring theme in the Bible, emphasizing the importance of spiritual maturity and living a life that is pleasing to God. These verses tie into the concept of purity and holiness in a broader context. Throughout the Bible, God emphasizes the need for His people to be holy because He is holy (Leviticus 11:44). The Israelites were symbolically aligning themselves with God’s holiness and separating themselves from the impurity of the world by adhering to these dietary restrictions. Leviticus 11:20-23 serves as a reminder of the importance of obedience, discipline, and holiness in the life of a believer. While the specific dietary laws may not apply to us today, the underlying principles of faithfulness to God’s commands and living a life of purity and devotion remain timeless lessons for Christians to ponder and apply in their own lives.

Leviticus 11:24-28

The verse in Leviticus 11:24-28 discusses the issue of ritual purity regarding the consumption of certain unclean creatures. Let’s break it down into important sections for a detailed commentary:

First, Verse 24 states, “‘And for these you shall be unclean. Whoever touches the carcass of any of them shall be unclean until evening.” Here, the text is specifying that anyone who comes into contact with the carcasses of these particular unclean animals will be considered unclean until evening. This concept of ritual purity was very significant in ancient Hebrew culture, signifying the importance of holiness and separation from anything impure in the eyes of God. The Israelites were taught to be mindful of their actions and behavior to maintain a level of purity required by God by adhering to these laws.

Moving on to Verse 25, it continues, “Whoever carries any part of the carcass of any of them shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening.” This verse further emphasizes the importance of cleanliness and purification in the eyes of God. The act of washing clothes was a symbolic gesture of cleansing and renewal, reinforcing the idea of maintaining spiritual purity through physical acts. It served as a reminder to the Israelites of the need to constantly be mindful of their actions and to strive for holiness in their lives. Verse 26 states that “The carcass of any animal that divides the hoof but is not cloven-footed or does not chew the cud is unclean to you.” Everyone who touches it shall be unclean.” This verse highlights specific characteristics that render an animal unclean according to the dietary laws outlined in Leviticus. Animals that did not meet these criteria were considered impure and unfit for consumption. The Israelites demonstrated their obedience to God’s commands and their commitment to living a life that was pleasing to Him by abstaining from these unclean animals.

Verse 27 says, “And whatever goes on its paws, among all kinds of animals that go on all fours, those are unclean to you. Whoever touches any such carcass shall be unclean until evening.” This verse further delineates the types of animals that are considered unclean, highlighting the significance of specific physical characteristics in determining an animal’s purity. The repeated emphasis on being unclean until evening after coming into contact with these animals serves as a reminder of the importance of maintaining ritual purity in all aspects of life.

Finally, Verse 28 concludes the passage by stating, “Whoever carries their carcass shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening. They are unclean to you.” This verse reiterates the requirement for cleanliness and purification after coming into contact with the carcasses of unclean animals. This passage underscores the importance of obedience to God’s laws and the value of maintaining purity in both physical and spiritual aspects of life by emphasizing the consequences of uncleanness and the necessary steps for purification. These dietary laws outlined in Leviticus 11 in the broader context of the Bible served to set apart the Israelites as a holy nation and to teach them the importance of obedience to God’s commands. While some of these laws may seem outdated or culturally specific today, they provide valuable lessons on the significance of purity, obedience, and reverence for God in our lives. Additionally, these laws foreshadow the deeper spiritual truths that would later be revealed in the New Testament, particularly in the teachings of Jesus Christ who emphasized the importance of purity of heart and righteousness before God (Matthew 5:8).

Leviticus 11:29-38

The Bible provides a detailed list of various types of unclean animals in Leviticus 11:29-38. This verse instructs the Israelites on what they are allowed and not allowed to eat according to the laws of God. It points out specific creatures that are considered impure and should be avoided for consumption. The verses mention animals such as weasels, rats, various kinds of reptiles, and insects that either walk on all fours or have numerous legs which are deemed unclean.

This passage serves as a reminder to the Israelites that they are a chosen and holy people, set apart by God to live in a specific way. These dietary laws were not just about physical health, but they were also meant to reinforce the idea of spiritual purity and obedience to God’s commands. The Israelites were demonstrating their faithfulness and dedication to God’s covenant by obeying these laws.

The concept of clean and unclean animals is further explored in other parts of the Bible, most notably in the story of Noah and the Ark. God commands Noah to take seven pairs of clean animals and one pair of unclean animals onto the ark in Genesis 7:2. This distinction between clean and unclean animals predates the laws outlined in Leviticus, emphasizing its importance in the eyes of God.

These laws on clean and unclean animals also reflect the idea of separation from the world and living a life that is distinct from the practices of other nations. The Israelites were reminded of their unique identity as God’s chosen people and the need to remain separate from sinful practices by adhering to these dietary restrictions. Believers need to be discerning in their choices and abstain from things that are spiritually harmful or impure, as these regulations on clean and unclean animals can be seen as a symbol of that need in a broader sense. It encourages a lifestyle of holiness and purity, not just in terms of physical actions but also in matters of the heart and mind. The principles outlined in Leviticus 11 serve as a foundation for understanding God’s standards of righteousness and the importance of obedience in the Christian faith.

Leviticus 11:39-40

The Bible addresses the issue of the defilement caused by the consumption of certain animals in Leviticus 11:39-40. Let’s break down these two verses and explore their significance in the context of Levitical laws and the broader themes of the Bible.

Verse 39 states, “And if any animal which you may eat dies, he who touches its carcass shall be unclean until evening.” This verse underscores the importance of purity and cleanliness in the eyes of God. Certain animals were deemed clean or unclean for consumption based on specific criteria outlined in Leviticus 11 in the Old Testament. Touching the carcass of an unclean animal would render a person ceremonially unclean until evening. This emphasis on cleanliness served not only a physical purpose but also a spiritual one, highlighting the need for God’s people to be set apart and holy.

Furthermore, this verse points to the transient nature of uncleanness incurred by such contact. The uncleanness lasts only until the evening, symbolizing the potential for purification and restoration through obedience and adherence to God’s laws. This concept is significant as it reinforces the idea that even when we fall short or become unclean, there is always an opportunity for repentance and renewal in God’s eyes.

Moving on to verse 40, it reads, “He who eats of the carcass of it shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening. He also who carries its carcass shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening.” This verse extends the concept of uncleanness to individuals who consume or carry the carcass of an unclean animal. It reiterates the importance of being mindful of what one consumes and how one conducts themselves in maintaining purity according to God’s standards.

The act of washing one’s clothes symbolizes the external purification required to remove the defilement caused by contact with an unclean carcass. This ritual cleansing serves as a visible reminder of the need for repentance and renewal, not just on a spiritual level but also on a physical and practical level. It underscores the idea that true holiness involves both inward purity of heart and outward actions that reflect obedience to God’s commands. These verses in Leviticus 11:39-40 contribute to the broader themes of the Bible, such as the call to holiness, the importance of obedience to God’s laws, and the significance of repentance and restoration. These laws set forth in Leviticus served as a means to guide God’s people in their daily lives, fostering a sense of reverence for God and a commitment to living in accordance with His will. The principles highlighted in these verses continue to resonate with believers today, reminding us of the enduring relevance of God’s Word in shaping our conduct and character.

Leviticus 11:41-43

The verses in Leviticus 11:41-43 state that every creeping thing that creeps on the earth shall be an abomination. It shall not be eaten. Whatever crawls on its belly, whatever goes on all fours, or whatever has many feet among all creeping things that creep on the earth—these you shall not eat, for they are an abomination.”

These verses highlight the dietary restrictions imposed by God on the Israelites. They were instructed not to consume certain types of animals, specifically those that creep on the earth. These restrictions were not merely about maintaining a healthy diet but were part of God’s laws for the Israelites to separate themselves from the practices of the surrounding pagan cultures. The concept of impurity and abomination in Leviticus 11 serves to set the Israelites apart as a holy nation unto the Lord.

The distinction between clean and unclean animals was not just about physical cleanliness but symbolized a deeper spiritual significance within the Israelite community. For instance, the reference to “whatever crawls on its belly” could be interpreted as a symbol of humiliation or degradation. This could serve as a reminder to the Israelites to avoid behaviors or actions that lower their moral or spiritual standing. Similarly, animals that move on all fours or have many feet might symbolize instability or lack of balance, attributes that the Israelites were encouraged to avoid in their spiritual walks.

These dietary regulations were meant to teach the Israelites obedience, self-discipline, and faithfulness to God’s commands. The Israelites were demonstrating their trust in God’s wisdom and authority over all aspects of their lives, including what they consumed by adhering to these laws. The Israelites were learning to rely on God for sustenance and provision, acknowledging Him as the ultimate provider and sustainer of life by obeying these rules.

The dietary laws of Leviticus 11 also prefigure the spiritual principles that would be later expounded upon in the New Testament. Jesus declares all foods clean in the New Testament (Mark 7:19), indicating a shift from external rituals to internal purity. This transformation signifies a new covenant where spiritual cleanliness is achieved not through adherence to dietary laws but through faith in Christ and obedience to His teachings. The dietary laws of Leviticus 11 served as a temporary measure to set apart the Israelites until the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus would fulfill the law and bring about a new way of righteousness based on faith and grace (Romans 10:4).

Leviticus 11:44-45

The Lord speaks to Moses and Aaron in Leviticus 11:44-45, giving them instructions regarding the importance of living a holy life as followers of God. The verses read, “For I am the Lord your God. Consecrate yourselves therefore, and be holy, for I am holy. You shall not defile yourselves with any swarming thing that crawls on the ground. For I am the Lord who brought you up out of the land of Egypt to be your God. You shall therefore be holy, for I am holy.”

Here, the Lord is emphasizing the significance of being holy, as He is holy. This call to holiness is not just a suggestion, but a commandment from God Himself. The Israelites were to set themselves apart from the surrounding nations by adhering to God’s laws and living in accordance with His will. The Israelites were reminded to be mindful of what they consumed and how it reflected their dedication to God by following these guidelines for clean and unclean animals.

The reference to the exodus from Egypt serves as a reminder of God’s power and faithfulness. It was through miraculous interventions and signs that God brought His people out of slavery in Egypt. This historical event was foundational to Israel’s identity and relationship with God. The Israelites were called to live lives that honored and glorified God by acknowledging their deliverance from bondage.

These verses point to the principle of holiness that runs throughout the Bible. The apostle Peter echoes this sentiment in 1 Peter 1:15-16, saying, “But as he who called you is holy, you also be holy in all your conduct, since it is written, ‘You shall be holy, for I am holy.”‘” This instruction is not only for the ancient Israelites but for all believers, emphasizing the timeless nature of God’s call to holiness. We, as Christians, are called to live in a way that reflects the character of God, marked by purity, righteousness, and obedience to His commands.

Leviticus 11:46-47

The focus in Leviticus 11:46-47 is on the distinction between clean and unclean animals, highlighting the importance of maintaining purity and holiness in the eyes of God. The verses state, “These are the instructions regarding land animals, birds, marine creatures, and animals that scurry along the ground. You will know what is unclean and clean, and which animals may be eaten and which may not be eaten by following these instructions.” This passage emphasizes the detailed guidelines provided by God to the Israelites for dietary laws, which was a significant aspect of their religious and cultural practices.

The concept of clean and unclean animals was not merely about physical cleanliness but was symbolic of spiritual cleanliness and obedience to God’s commands. Following these guidelines was seen as a way to demonstrate faithfulness and reverence towards God. The dietary laws served as a means of separation and distinction for the Israelites, setting them apart from other nations and reinforcing their identity as God’s chosen people.

Throughout the Old Testament, dietary laws were a recurring theme, with specific regulations given by God to Moses for the Israelites to adhere to. A detailed list of clean and unclean animals in Deuteronomy 14:3-21 indicates which ones were permissible for consumption and which were not. These laws were designed to promote health, obedience, and a sense of discipline among the Israelites.

The importance of dietary laws extended beyond the physical realm to the spiritual realm, emphasizing the significance of living a disciplined and obedient life before God. The principles behind these regulations were meant to guide the Israelites in their daily living and to cultivate a mindset of worship and consecration. The Israelites were reminded of their covenant relationship with God and the standards of holiness expected of them by following these laws. The New Testament, particularly in the book of Acts, shows a shift in understanding regarding dietary laws. Peter receives a vision from God in Acts 10:9-16, instructing him to eat animals that were previously considered unclean under the Mosaic Law. This vision symbolized the inclusion of the Gentiles in God’s plan of salvation and the abolishment of the strict dietary restrictions that once separated Jews from non-Jews. Leviticus 11:46-47 underscores the importance of obedience to God’s commands, including the observance of dietary laws as a means of spiritual discipline and purity. The distinction between clean and unclean animals served as a symbol of the Israelites’ commitment to God and their unique identity as His chosen people. While the specific dietary laws may no longer be binding for Christians today, the underlying principles of obedience, discipline, and separation from worldly practices remain relevant for believers in maintaining a holy and consecrated life before God.

After Leviticus 11

The Lord had spoken to Moses and Aaron, laying out the laws regarding clean and unclean animals. He had made it clear which creatures the Israelites could and could not eat. I, as the reverend, knew that this chapter would lead us to a deeper understanding of God’s holiness and the importance of obedience. The next chapter would reveal even more of the Lord’s commands, guiding His people towards righteousness. With this foundation, we would be prepared to explore the sacred rituals and festivals that would draw the Israelites closer to their Creator. The journey through Leviticus was just beginning, and I could not wait to see how the Lord would continue to shape and mold His chosen people.