What the Bible Says About Offerings for Sin

In the Bible, sin offerings are sacrifices made to atone for unintentional sins and to restore the relationship between the sinner and God. They signify acknowledgment of wrongdoing and a desire for purification, as outlined in Leviticus chapters 4 and 5.

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Scripture

1 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
2 “Speak to the people of Israel, saying, If anyone sins unintentionally in any of the Lord’s commandments about things not to be done, and does any one of them,
3 if it is the anointed priest who sins, thus bringing guilt on the people, then he shall offer for the sin that he has committed a bull from the herd without blemish to the Lord for a sin offering.
4 He shall bring the bull to the entrance of the tent of meeting before the Lord and lay his hand on the head of the bull and kill the bull before the Lord.
5 Then the anointed priest shall take some of the blood of the bull and bring it into the tent of meeting,
6 and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle part of the blood seven times before the Lord in front of the veil of the sanctuary.
7 And the priest shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense before the Lord that is in the tent of meeting, and all the rest of the blood of the bull he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering that is at the entrance of the tent of meeting.
8 And he shall take from it all the fat of the bull of the sin offering; the fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that is on the entrails,
9 And the two kidneys with the fat that is on them at the loins, and the long lobe of the liver that he shall remove with the kidneys.
10 But the bull he shall carry outside the camp and burn it up as he burned the first bull; it is the sin offering for the assembly.
11 But the skin of the bull and all its flesh, with its head, its legs, its entrails, and its dung—
12 that is, all the rest of the bull—he shall carry outside the camp to a clean place, to the ash heap, and shall burn it up on a fire of wood. On the ash heap it shall be burned up.
13 “If the whole congregation of Israel sins unintentionally and the thing is hidden from the eyes of the assembly, and they do any one of the things that by the Lord’s commandments ought not to be done, and they realize their guilt,
14 When the sin which they have committed becomes known, the assembly shall offer a bull from the herd for a sin offering and bring it in front of the tent of meeting.
15 the elders of the congregation shall lay their hands on the head of the bull before the Lord, and the bull shall be killed before the Lord.
16 Then the anointed priest shall bring some of the blood of the bull into the tent of meeting,
17 The priest shall dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle it seven times before the Lord in front of the veil.
18 And he shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar that is in the tent of meeting before the Lord, and the rest of the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering that is at the entrance of the tent of meeting.
19 And all its fat he shall take from it and burn on the altar.
20 Thus shall he do with the bull. As he did with the bull of the sin offering, so shall he do with this. And the priest shall make atonement for them, and they shall be forgiven.
21 He shall bring the bull to the entrance of the tent of meeting before the Lord and lay his hand on the head of the bull and kill the bull before the Lord.
22 he shall bring to the Lord as his compensation for the sin that he has committed, a female from the flock, a lamb or a goat, for a sin offering.
23 if it is the anointed priest who sins, thus bringing guilt on the people, then he shall offer for the sin that he has committed a bull from the herd without blemish to the Lord for a sin offering.
24 And he shall lay his hand on the head of the goat and kill it in the place where they kill the burnt offering before the Lord; it is a sin offering.
25 Then the priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering and pour out the rest of its blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering.
26 All its fat he shall burn on the altar, like the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings. And the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin, and he shall be forgiven.
27 If anyone of the common people sins unintentionally in doing any one of the things that by the Lord’s commandments ought not to be done, and realizes his guilt,
28 Or the blood of the sin offering shall be thrown against the side of the altar.
29 He shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering and kill the sin offering in the place of burnt offering.
30 And the priest shall take some of its blood with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering and pour out all the rest of its blood at the base of the altar.
31 And all its fat he shall remove, as the fat is removed from the peace offerings, and the priest shall burn it on the altar for a pleasing aroma to the Lord. And the priest shall make atonement for him, and he shall be forgiven.
32 And if he brings a lamb as his offering for a sin offering, he shall bring a female without blemish.
33 And all its fat he shall remove as the fat is removed from the lamb, and the priest shall burn it on the altar, on top of the Lord’s food offerings. And the priest shall make atonement for him for the sin which he has committed, and he shall be forgiven.
34 And the priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering and pour out all the rest of its blood at the base of the altar.
35 And all its fat he shall remove as the fat of the lamb is removed from the sacrifice of peace offerings, and the priest shall burn it on the altar, on top of the Lord’s food offerings. And the priest shall make atonement for him for the sin which he has committed, and he shall be forgiven.

Leviticus 4:1-35

Meaning of Sin Offerings in the Bible

The concept of sin offerings in the Bible is deeply intertwined with the relational aspect of humanity’s engagement with God. These offerings serve as a tangible expression of remorse and an acknowledgment of sin, which is a deviation from God’s holiness and moral standards. According to Leviticus 4:27-29, if any individual unwittingly commits a sin, they must bring a sacrificial animal to the sanctuary—the specific type depending on their societal status. This not only highlights the seriousness of sin but also God’s provision for atonement, showcasing His desire for reconciliation rather than punishment. By offering a sin offering, one accepts responsibility for their actions and seeks to restore their broken relationship with God, emphasizing the integral role of confession and repentance in the process of spiritual cleansing.

Moreover, the sin offerings reflect a broader theological theme in the Bible that extends beyond the Old Testament, finding its fulfillment in the New Testament through the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ. In Hebrews 10:4, it is noted that “it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins,” pointing to the inadequacy of animal sacrifices to bring about true redemption. Instead, Jesus, as the perfect sin offering, serves as the means through which humankind can attain forgiveness and spiritual renewal (1 John 1:9). Thus, the practice of sin offerings not only illustrates the seriousness of sin and the need for atonement but also foreshadows the transformative grace offered through Christ, inviting believers into a restored and intimate relationship with God. Ultimately, the ritual underscores the depth of God’s mercy and the importance of adhering to His commands, as stated in Proverbs 28:13: “He who conceals his sins does not prosper, but whoever confesses and renounces them finds mercy.”
In addition to highlighting the need for personal accountability, the significance of sin offerings in the Bible also underscores the communal aspect of sin and atonement. The Israelites understood sin not merely as individual failings, but as actions that could disrupt the entire community’s relationship with God. The communal sin offering, as described in the Levitical laws, required the leaders and the congregation to collectively acknowledge their transgressions and seek forgiveness. This reflects the idea that sin has both personal and societal ramifications, and the act of worship and sacrifice becomes a means of restoring not just individual relationships with God, but the entire community’s covenant status. In this light, the sin offering also serves as a communal ritual that emphasizes unity and collective responsibility before God.

Furthermore, the rich symbolism embedded in the sacrificial system encapsulates a deeper spiritual truth about the nature of sin and the cost of restoration. Each sin offering required a blood sacrifice, symbolizing the grave consequences of sin and the seriousness with which God regards moral failings. The shedding of blood is portrayed as essential for providing atonement, echoing themes found elsewhere in the biblical narrative concerning purity and sanctity. This sacrificial imagery points toward a key biblical truth: the costliness of salvation and the necessity of a mediator. The prophetic writings forecast the coming of a messianic figure who would ultimately fulfill and transcend these offerings through His sacrifice, ushering in a new covenant of grace. Thus, the sin offerings establish a profound theological groundwork that illustrates humanity’s need for divine mercy, laying the path for the transformative and reconciling work of Christ that would resonate throughout the New Testament.

Atonement and Reconciliation

Sin offerings in the Bible serve as a means of atonement, allowing individuals to reconcile with God after committing transgressions. The act of offering a sacrifice symbolizes the acknowledgment of sin and the desire for restoration of the relationship with the divine. This process highlights the seriousness of sin and the need for a remedy to restore purity and favor in the eyes of God.

The Cost of Sin

The practice of sin offerings underscores the concept that sin incurs a cost. The requirement of a sacrifice illustrates that wrongdoing has consequences, and something of value must be given to address the breach caused by sin. This principle emphasizes the gravity of sin and the necessity of making amends, reflecting the broader theological theme of justice and mercy within the biblical narrative.

Foreshadowing Redemption

Sin offerings also serve as a foreshadowing of the ultimate sacrifice for sin, which is fulfilled in the New Testament through the figure of Jesus Christ. The repeated act of offering sacrifices in the Old Testament points to the need for a perfect and final atonement. This connection between the Old and New Testaments illustrates the continuity of God’s plan for redemption and the fulfillment of the sacrificial system through Christ’s death and resurrection.

How to Embrace Atonement for Deeper Faith and Growth

Embracing atonement is a profound journey that can lead to deeper faith and personal growth, and it begins with a sincere acknowledgment of our shortcomings. As we reflect on our actions and their impact on our relationship with God and others, we open ourselves to the transformative power of repentance. This isn’t just about feeling guilty; it’s about recognizing the grace that God extends to us through Jesus Christ, who bore our sins. Take time in prayer to seek forgiveness, not only from God but also from those you may have wronged. This act of humility fosters a spirit of compassion and understanding, allowing us to grow in love and empathy. Remember, atonement is not a one-time event but a continuous process that deepens our faith, encourages us to live more authentically, and inspires us to extend grace to others as we have received it. Embrace this journey with an open heart, and watch how it transforms your relationship with God and those around you.

Bible References to Sin Offerings:

Leviticus 5:1-13: 1 “If anyone sins in that he hears a public adjuration to testify, and though he is a witness, whether he has seen or come to know the matter, yet does not speak, he shall bear his iniquity;”
2 Or if anyone touches an unclean thing, whether a carcass of an unclean wild animal or a carcass of unclean livestock or a carcass of unclean swarming things, and it is hidden from him and he has become unclean, he realizes his guilt.
3 or if he touches human uncleanness, of whatever sort the uncleanness may be with which one becomes unclean, and it is hidden from him, when he comes to know it, and realizes his guilt;
4 Or if anyone utters with his lips a rash oath to do evil or to do good, any sort of rash oath that people swear, and it is hidden from him, when he comes to know it, and he realizes his guilt in any of these;
5 then he shall confess the sin that he has committed. And he shall make full restitution for his wrong, adding a fifth to it and giving it to him to whom he did the wrong.
6 He shall bring to the priest a ram without blemish out of the flock, or its equivalent for a guilt offering, and the priest shall make atonement for him for the mistake that he made unintentionally, and he shall be forgiven.
7 “But if he cannot afford a lamb, then he shall bring to the Lord as his compensation for the sin that he has committed two turtledoves or two pigeons, one for a sin offering and the other for a burnt offering.
8 And he shall bring them to the priest, who shall offer first the one for the sin offering. He shall wring its head from its neck but shall not sever it completely,
9 And he shall sprinkle some of the blood of the sin offering on the side of the altar, while the rest of the blood shall be drained out at the base of the altar; it is a sin offering.
10 Then he shall offer the second for a burnt offering according to the rule. And the priest shall make atonement for him for the sin that he has committed, and he shall be forgiven.
11 “But if he cannot afford two turtledoves or two pigeons, then he shall bring as his offering for the sin that he has committed a tenth of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering. He shall put no oil on it and shall put no frankincense on it, for it is a sin offering.
12 Then he shall bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take a handful of it as its memorial portion and burn this on the altar, on the Lord’s food offerings; it is a sin offering.
13 Thus the priest shall make atonement for him for the sin which he has committed in any one of these things, and he shall be forgiven.

Leviticus 6:24-30: 24 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
25 “Speak to Aaron and his sons, saying, This is the law of the sin offering. In the place where the burnt offering is killed shall the sin offering be killed before the Lord; it is most holy.
26 The priest who offers it for sin shall eat it. In a holy place it shall be eaten, in the court of the tent of meeting.
27 Whatever touches its flesh shall be holy, and when any of its blood is splashed on a garment, you shall wash that on which it was splashed in a holy place.
28 But the earthenware vessel in which it is boiled shall be broken. And if it is boiled in a bronze vessel, that shall be scoured and rinsed in water.
29 All the males among the priests shall eat of it. It is most holy.
30 But no sin offering shall be eaten from which any blood is brought into the tent of meeting to make atonement in the Holy Place; it shall be burned up with fire.

Numbers 15:22-29: 22 “But if you sin unintentionally, and do not observe all these commandments that the Lord has spoken to Moses,
23 all that the Lord has commanded you by Moses, from the day that the Lord gave commandment, and onward throughout your generations,
24 then if it was done unintentionally without the knowledge of the congregation, all the congregation shall offer one bull from the herd for a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma to the Lord, with its grain offering and its drink offering, according to the rule, and one male goat for a sin offering.
25 And the priest shall make atonement for all the congregation of the people of Israel, and they shall be forgiven, for it was a mistake, and they have brought their offering, a food offering to the Lord.
26 And all the congregation of the people of Israel shall be forgiven, and the stranger who sojourns among them, because the whole population was involved in the mistake.
27 “If one person sins unintentionally, he shall offer a female goat a year old for a sin offering.”
28 And the priest shall make atonement before the Lord for the person who makes a mistake, when he sins unintentionally, to make atonement for him, and he shall be forgiven.
29 You shall have one law for him who does anything unintentionally, for him who is native among the people of Israel and for the stranger who sojourns among them.

Hebrews 10:1-18: 10 For since the law has but a shadow of the good things to come instead of the true form of these realities, it can never, by the same sacrifices that are continually offered every year, make perfect those who draw near.
2 Otherwise, would they not have ceased to be offered, since the worshipers, having once been cleansed, would no longer have any consciousness of sins?
3 But in these sacrifices there is a reminder of sins every year.
4 For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins.
5 Consequently, when Christ came into the world, he said, “Sacrifices and offerings you have not desired, but a body have you prepared for me;
6 In burnt offerings and sin offerings you have taken no pleasure.
7 Then I said, ‘Behold, I have come to do your will, O God, as it is written of me in the scroll of the book.’
When he said above, “You have neither desired nor taken pleasure in sacrifices and offerings and burnt offerings and sin offerings” (these are offered according to the law),
9 then he added, “Behold, I have come to do your will.” He does away with the first in order to establish the second.
10 And by that will we have been sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.
11 And every priest stands daily at his service, offering repeatedly the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins.
12 But when Christ had offered for all time a single sacrifice for sins, he sat down at the right hand of God,
13 waiting from that time until his enemies should be made a footstool for his feet.
14 For by a single offering he has perfected for all time those who are being sanctified.
15 And the Holy Spirit also bears witness to us; for after saying,
16 “This is the covenant that I will make with them
after those days, declares the Lord:
I will put my laws on their hearts,
and write them on their minds,”
17 then he adds, “I will remember their sins and their lawless deeds no more.”
18 Where there is forgiveness of these, there is no longer any offering for sin.

Hebrews 9:11-14: 11 But when Christ appeared as a high priest of the good things that have come, then through the greater and more perfect tent (not made with hands, that is, not of this creation)
12 he entered once for all into the holy places, not by means of the blood of goats and calves but by means of his own blood, thus securing an eternal redemption.
13 For if the blood of goats and bulls, and the sprinkling of defiled persons with the ashes of a heifer, sanctify for the purification of the flesh,
14 how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, purify our conscience from dead works to serve the living God.

Hebrews 9:22-28: 22 Indeed, under the law almost everything is purified with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins.
23 Thus it was necessary for the copies of the heavenly things to be purified with these rites, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these.
24 For Christ has entered, not into holy places made with hands, which are copies of the true things, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God on our behalf.
25 Nor was it to offer himself repeatedly, as the high priest enters the holy places every year with blood not his own,
26 for then he would have had to suffer repeatedly since the foundation of the world. But as it is, he has appeared once for all at the end of the ages to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself.
27 And just as it is appointed for man to die once, and after that comes judgment,
28 so Christ, having been offered once to bear the sins of many, will appear a second time, not to deal with sin but to save those who are eagerly waiting for him.

Isaiah 53:4-12: 4 Surely he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted.
5 But he was pierced for our transgressions;
he was crushed for our iniquities;
upon him was the chastisement that brought us peace,
and with his wounds we are healed.
6 All we like sheep have gone astray;
we have turned—every one—to his own way;
and the Lord has laid on him
the iniquity of us all.
7 He was oppressed, and he was afflicted,
yet he opened not his mouth;
like a lamb that is led to the slaughter,
and like a sheep that before its shearers is silent,
so he opened not his mouth.
8 By oppression and judgment he was taken away; and as for his generation, who considered that he was cut off out of the land of the living, stricken for the transgression of my people?
9 And they made his grave with the wicked and with a rich man in his death, although he had done no violence, and there was no deceit in his mouth.
10 Yet it was the will of the Lord to crush him; he has put him to grief; when his soul makes an offering for guilt, he shall see his offspring; he shall prolong his days; the will of the Lord shall prosper in his hand.
11 Out of the anguish of his soul he shall see and be satisfied; by his knowledge shall the righteous one, my servant, make many to be accounted righteous, and he shall bear their iniquities.
12 Therefore I will divide him a portion with the many, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong, because he poured out his soul to death and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and makes intercession for the transgressors.

2 Corinthians 5:18-21: 18 All this is from God, who through Christ reconciled us to himself and gave us the ministry of reconciliation;
19 that is, in Christ God was reconciling the world to himself, not counting their trespasses against them, and entrusting to us the message of reconciliation.
20 Therefore, we are ambassadors for Christ, God making his appeal through us. We implore you on behalf of Christ, be reconciled to God.
21 For our sake he made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God.

Romans 8:1-4: 1 There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.
2 For the law of the Spirit of life has set you free in Christ Jesus from the law of sin and death.
3 For God has done what the law, weakened by the flesh, could not do. By sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and for sin, he condemned sin in the flesh,
4 in order that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.