What the Bible Says About Apostles: Definition and Key Facts

In the Bible, apostles are defined as individuals chosen and commissioned by Jesus Christ to spread the Gospel and establish the church, with the original twelve apostles playing a foundational role in Christianity (Acts 1:26; Matthew 28:19-20). Their significance lies in their authority as eyewitnesses of Jesus’ ministry and resurrection, serving as key leaders in the early church and instrumental in the dissemination of Christian teachings.

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Scripture

1 And he called to him his twelve disciples and gave them authority over unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal every disease and every affliction.
2 The names of the twelve apostles are these: first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother;
3 Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus;
4 Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him.

Matthew 10:1-4

Apostles: Definition and Significance in the Bible

The apostles hold a pivotal role in the New Testament, symbolizing the transition from the ministry of Jesus to the establishment of the Christian church. Chosen directly by Jesus, the twelve apostles embody the firsthand experience of His teachings, miracles, crucifixion, and resurrection, which is crucial for the credibility of the Christian faith. Acts 1:26 recounts the selection of Matthias to replace Judas Iscariot, reinforcing the idea that the apostolic witness was to be preserved and that the apostles constituted a divinely appointed group tasked with the crucial mission of bearing testimony to Christ’s work. Moreover, in Matthew 28:19-20, known as the Great Commission, Jesus instructs them to make disciples of all nations, emphasizing their role as the primary architects of the early church and underscoring their authority in theological matters.

The significance of the apostles extends beyond their literal role in the early church; they symbolize the universal call to disciple-making among believers. Their teachings, later recorded in the New Testament, offer foundational doctrines for Christian faith and practice. The Apostle Paul, in particular, exemplifies the expansion of this apostolic mission, reaching even Gentiles and articulating key theological concepts such as grace and salvation (Ephesians 3:8). Furthermore, in 1 Corinthians 12:28, Paul explicitly states that God has appointed apostles first in the church, highlighting their essential role in establishing order and guidance for the Christian community. Thus, the broader meaning of apostles in the Bible reflects a divine blueprint for leadership and evangelism that is meant to extend through the ages, inviting all Christians to participate in the Great Commission by sharing the message of Christ.

In the New Testament, the apostles are not merely historical figures; they represent the foundational leadership that exemplifies the essence of Christian witness. Their significance is magnified in the early church’s efforts to spread the gospel, establish congregations, and navigate theological disputes. This is particularly evident in the letters of the apostles, which serve as instructive texts to various communities. Their epistles provide guidance on moral conduct, doctrinal clarity, and community living, forming a vital part of the Christian canon. Each apostle brings unique perspectives that address the diverse contexts of their audiences, reflecting the mission to present the gospel in culturally relevant ways.

Moreover, the concept of apostleship is not limited to those who walked with Jesus; it extends to those who are called by God to fulfill similar roles throughout church history. By examining figures like Barnabas, Silas, and the later Church Fathers, we see how the apostolic mission continues to inspire new generations of leaders who are called to proclaim the gospel and shepherd believers. This ongoing expansion of the apostolic mission emphasizes that the essence of apostleship—authority, teaching, and evangelism—remains vital for the church’s mission today. Thus, while the original twelve apostles are foundational, their legacy is a call for all believers to actively engage in the work of discipleship, reflecting the transformative power of Christ in the world.

The Role of Apostles in Early Christianity

Apostles were foundational figures in the establishment and spread of early Christianity. They were chosen by Jesus Christ to be His closest followers and to carry forth His teachings after His resurrection and ascension. Their role was not only to witness the life and resurrection of Jesus but also to serve as leaders and teachers within the nascent Christian community. This leadership was crucial in shaping the beliefs, practices, and organizational structure of the early Church, allowing it to grow and adapt in a diverse cultural landscape.

Apostolic Authority and Teaching

The apostles held a unique authority that stemmed from their direct experience with Jesus. This authority was essential for the validation of their teachings and the establishment of doctrine within the Church. Their writings and teachings, often recorded in the New Testament, provided a theological foundation that guided the beliefs and practices of Christians. The significance of their authority is reflected in the way early Christians viewed apostolic teachings as divinely inspired, which helped to unify the community and maintain doctrinal integrity amidst various challenges and heresies.

Apostles as Models of Faith and Mission

The apostles serve as exemplars of faith and commitment to the mission of spreading the Gospel. Their willingness to endure persecution, hardship, and even martyrdom for the sake of their beliefs highlights the depth of their conviction and dedication. This aspect of their lives encourages believers to embrace their own call to discipleship and mission, inspiring generations of Christians to engage in evangelism and service. The apostles’ experiences and sacrifices underscore the transformative power of faith and the importance of sharing the message of Christ with the world.

How to Strengthen Your Faith and Leadership in Christ

Strengthening your faith and leadership in Christ is a deeply personal journey that requires intentionality and a heart open to growth. Start by immersing yourself in Scripture; the Bible is not just a book but a living guide that reveals God’s character and His will for your life. Make prayer a daily practice, not just as a routine but as a heartfelt conversation with God, seeking His guidance and wisdom. Surround yourself with a community of believers who can encourage and challenge you, as iron sharpens iron. Remember, leadership in Christ is not about authority but about servanthood—look for opportunities to serve others, reflecting Christ’s love in tangible ways. Lastly, be patient with yourself; faith is a journey, and every step, no matter how small, brings you closer to Him. Embrace the process, and trust that God is at work in you, shaping you into the leader He has called you to be.

Bible References to the Apostles’ Role:

Mark 3:13-19: 13 And he went up on the mountain and called to him those whom he desired, and they came to him.
14 And he appointed twelve (whom he also named apostles) so that they might be with him and he might send them out to preach
15 and have authority to cast out demons.
16 He appointed the twelve: Simon (to whom he gave the name Peter);
17 James the son of Zebedee and John the brother of James (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, Sons of Thunder);
18 Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus, and Simon the Cananaean,
19 and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him.

Luke 6:12-16: 12 In these days he went out to the mountain to pray, and all night he continued in prayer to God.
13 And when day came, he called his disciples and chose from them twelve, whom he named apostles:
14 Simon, whom he named Peter, and Andrew his brother, and James and John, and Philip, and Bartholomew,
15 Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon who was called the Zealot,
16 and Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot, who became a traitor.

Acts 1:15-26: 15 In those days Peter stood up among the brothers (the company of persons was in all about 120) and said,
16 “Brothers, the Scripture had to be fulfilled, which the Holy Spirit spoke beforehand by the mouth of David concerning Judas, who became a guide to those who arrested Jesus.
17 For he was numbered among us and was allotted his share in this ministry.
18 (Now this man acquired a field with the reward of his wickedness, and falling headlong he burst open in the middle and all his bowels gushed out.
19 And it became known to all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the field was called in their own language Akeldama, that is, Field of Blood.
20 “For it is written in the Book of Psalms, ‘May his camp become desolate, and let there be no one to dwell in it’; and ‘Let another take his office.’”
21 So one of the men who have accompanied us during all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us,
22 beginning from the baptism of John until the day when he was taken up from us—one of these men must become with us a witness to his resurrection.”
23 And they put forward two, Joseph called Barsabbas, who was also called Justus, and Matthias.
24 And they prayed and said, “You, Lord, who know the hearts of all, show which one of these two you have chosen.
26 And they cast lots for them, and the lot fell on Matthias, and he was numbered with the eleven apostles.
26 And they cast lots for them, and the lot fell on Matthias, and he was numbered with the eleven apostles.

Acts 2:42-47: 42 And they devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching and the fellowship, to the breaking of bread and the prayers.
43 And awe came upon every soul, and many wonders and signs were being done through the apostles.
44 And all who believed were together and had all things in common.
45 And they were selling their possessions and belongings and distributing the proceeds to all, as any had need.
46 And day by day, attending the temple together and breaking bread in their homes, they received their food with glad and generous hearts,
47 praising God and having favor with all the people. And the Lord added to their number day by day those who were being saved.

Acts 4:33-37: 33 And with great power the apostles were giving their testimony to the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, and great grace was upon them all.
34 There was not a needy person among them, for as many as were owners of lands or houses sold them and brought the proceeds of what was sold.
35 and laid it at the apostles’ feet, and it was distributed to each as any had need.
36 Thus Joseph, who was also called by the apostles Barnabas (which means son of encouragement), a Levite, a native of Cyprus,
37 sold a field that belonged to him and brought the money and laid it at the apostles’ feet.

Acts 5:12-16: 12 Now many signs and wonders were regularly done among the people by the hands of the apostles. And they were all together in Solomon’s Portico.
13 None of the rest dared join them, but the people held them in high esteem.
14 And more than ever believers were added to the Lord, multitudes of both men and women,
15 so that they even carried out the sick into the streets and laid them on cots and mats, that as Peter came by at least his shadow might fall on some of them.
16 The people also gathered from the towns around Jerusalem, bringing the sick and those afflicted with unclean spirits, and they were all healed.

Acts 6:1-7: 1 Now in these days when the disciples were increasing in number, a complaint by the Hellenists arose against the Hebrews because their widows were being neglected in the daily distribution.
2 And the twelve summoned the full number of the disciples and said, “It is not right that we should give up preaching the word of God to serve tables.
3 Therefore, brothers, pick out from among you seven men of good repute, full of the Spirit and of wisdom, whom we will appoint to this duty.
4 But we will devote ourselves to prayer and to the ministry of the word.”
5 And what they said pleased the whole gathering, and they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit, and Philip, and Prochorus, and Nicanor, and Timon, and Parmenas, and Nicolaus, a proselyte of Antioch.
6 They set before the apostles, and when they had prayed, they laid their hands on them.
7 And the word of God continued to increase, and the number of the disciples multiplied greatly in Jerusalem, and a great many of the priests became obedient to the faith.

Acts 9:26-30: 26 And when he had come to Jerusalem, he attempted to join the disciples. And they were all afraid of him, for they did not believe that he was a disciple.
27 But Barnabas took him and brought him to the apostles and declared to them how on the road he had seen the Lord, who spoke to him, and how at Damascus he had preached boldly in the name of Jesus.
28 So he went in and out among them at Jerusalem, preaching boldly in the name of the Lord.
29 And he spoke and disputed against the Hellenists. But they were seeking to kill him.
30 And when the brothers learned this, they brought him down to Caesarea and sent him off to Tarsus.

Acts 13:1-3: Now there were in the church at Antioch prophets and teachers, Barnabas, Simeon who was called Niger, Lucius of Cyrene, Manaen a lifelong friend of Herod the tetrarch, and Saul.
2 While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, “Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.”
3 Then after fasting and praying they laid their hands on them and sent them off.

Acts 14:4-7: 4 But the people of the city were divided; some sided with the Jews and some with the apostles.
5 When an attempt was made by both Gentiles and Jews, with their rulers, to mistreat them and to stone them,
6 they learned of it and fled to Lystra and Derbe, cities of Lycaonia, and to the surrounding country,
7 and there they continued to preach the gospel.

Acts 15:1-21: 1 But some men came down from Judea and were teaching the brothers, “Unless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved.”
2 And after Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and debate with them, Paul and Barnabas and some of the others were appointed to go up to Jerusalem to the apostles and the elders about this question.
3 So, being sent on their way by the church, they passed through both Phoenicia and Samaria, describing in detail the conversion of the Gentiles, and brought great joy to all the brothers.
4 When they came to Jerusalem, they were welcomed by the church and the apostles and the elders, and they declared all that God had done with them.
5 But some believers who belonged to the party of the Pharisees rose up and said, “It is necessary to circumcise them and to order them to keep the law of Moses.”
6 The apostles and the elders were gathered together to consider this matter.
7 And after there had been much debate, Peter stood up and said to them, “Brothers, you know that in the early days God made a choice among you, that by my mouth the Gentiles should hear the word of the gospel and believe.
8 And God, who knows the heart, bore witness to them, by giving them the Holy Spirit just as he did to us,
9 and he made no distinction between us and them, having cleansed their hearts by faith.
10 Now, therefore, why are you putting God to the test by placing a yoke on the neck of the disciples that neither our fathers nor we have been able to bear?
11 But we believe that we will be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, just as they will.”
12 And all the assembly fell silent, and they listened to Barnabas and Paul as they related what signs and wonders God had done through them among the Gentiles.
13 After they finished speaking, James replied, “Brothers, listen to me.
14 Simeon has related how God first visited the Gentiles, to take from them a people for his name.
15 And with this the words of the prophets agree, just as it is written:
16 “‘After this I will return,
and I will rebuild the tent of David that has fallen;
I will rebuild its ruins,
and I will restore it,
17 that the remnant of mankind may seek the Lord, and all the Gentiles who are called by my name,
18 known to God from eternity are all his works
19 Therefore my judgment is that we should not trouble those of the Gentiles who turn to God,
20 but should write to them to abstain from the things polluted by idols, and from sexual immorality, and from what has been strangled, and from blood.
21 For from ancient generations Moses has had in every city those who proclaim him, for he is read every Sabbath in the synagogues.”

1 Corinthians 4:9-13: 10 We are fools for Christ’s sake, but you are wise in Christ. We are weak, but you are strong. You are held in honor, but we in disrepute.
10 We are fools for Christ’s sake, but you are wise in Christ. We are weak, but you are strong. You are held in honor, but we in disrepute.
11 To the present hour we hunger and thirst, we are poorly dressed and buffeted and homeless,
12 and we labor, working with our own hands. When reviled, we bless; when persecuted, we endure;
12 and we labor, working with our own hands. When reviled, we bless; when persecuted, we endure;

1 Corinthians 9:1-2: 1 Am I not free? Am I not an apostle? Have I not seen Jesus our Lord? Are not you my workmanship in the Lord?
2 If to others I am not an apostle, at least I am to you, for you are the seal of my apostleship in the Lord.

2 Corinthians 11:5-15: 5 Indeed, I consider that I am not in the least inferior to these super-apostles.
6 But even if I am unskilled in speech, yet I am not so in knowledge; indeed, in every way we have made this plain to you in all things.
7 Or did I commit a sin in humbling myself so that you might be exalted, because I preached God’s gospel to you free of charge?
8 I robbed other churches by accepting support from them in order to serve you.
9 And when I was with you and was in need, I did not burden anyone, for the brothers who came from Macedonia supplied my need. So I refrained and will refrain from burdening you in any way.
10 As the truth of Christ is in me, this boasting of mine will not be silenced in the regions of Achaia.
11 Why? Because I do not love you? God knows I do!
12 And what I do I will continue to do, in order to undermine the claim of those who would like to claim that in their boasted mission they work on the same terms as we do.
13 For such men are false apostles, deceitful workmen, disguising themselves as apostles of Christ.
14 And no wonder, for even Satan disguises himself as an angel of light.
15 So it is no surprise if his servants, also, disguise themselves as servants of righteousness. Their end will correspond to their deeds.

Ephesians 2:19-22: 19 So then you are no longer strangers and aliens, but you are fellow citizens with the saints and members of the household of God,
20 built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the cornerstone,
21 in whom the whole structure, being joined together, grows into a holy temple in the Lord.
22 In him you also are being built together into a dwelling place for God by the Spirit.

Ephesians 4:11-13: 11 And he gave the apostles, the prophets, the evangelists, the shepherds and teachers,
12 to equip the saints for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ,
13 until we all attain to the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God, to mature manhood, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ,

1 Thessalonians 2:6-8: 6 Nor did we seek glory from people, whether from you or from others, though we could have made demands as apostles of Christ.
7 But we were gentle among you, like a nursing mother taking care of her own children.
8 So, being affectionately desirous of you, we were ready to share with you not only the gospel of God but also our own selves, because you had become very dear to us.

1 Peter 1:1-2: 1 Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, To those who are elect exiles of the Dispersion in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,
2 according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, in the sanctification of the Spirit, for obedience to Jesus Christ and for sprinkling with his blood: May grace and peace be multiplied to you.

Revelation 21:14: 14 And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them were the twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.